Environmental Virtue Ethics

Sandler, Ronald; Cafaro, Philip

doi:10.1002/9781444367072.wbiee090

Cited by 61 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Environmental virtue ethics can provide “sensitivity to values and context (i.e. wisdom) that is… often instrumental in the application of action‐guiding rules and principles to concrete situations” (Sandler , p. 7). Environmental pragmatism recognizes that a plurality of values are typically at play in contentious decisions, and seeks practical solutions that incorporate a consensus of shared values.…”

Section: The Ethical Context For Ecological Restoration In Wildernessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protected area stewardship in the Anthropocene: integrating science, law, and ethics to evaluate proposals for ecological restoration in wilderness

Landres

Hahn

Biber

et al. 2020

Restoration Ecology

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Every year, the four federal agencies that manage designated wilderness in the United States receive proposals to implement small‐ and large‐scale ecological restorations within the National Wilderness Preservation System. The combination of climate change with other landscape stressors is driving ecological restoration to be one of the single most important, challenging, and potentially litigious wilderness stewardship issues. In addition, different stakeholders may have strongly divergent views about what the right decision should be, and decisions need to go beyond routine technical and scientific analyses to incorporate a broader range of legal and ethical considerations. We present a framework based on a comprehensive, structured set of scientific, legal, and ethical questions to guide the evaluation of proposals for ecological restoration and other types of ecological intervention in wilderness. This framework of questions is a voluntary tool designed to increase communication and transparency among scientists, managers, and interested publics regarding the trade‐offs and uncertainties of ecological restoration, and promote informed public deliberation in managing the public resource of wilderness.

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Section: The Ethical Context For Ecological Restoration In Wildernessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protected area stewardship in the Anthropocene: integrating science, law, and ethics to evaluate proposals for ecological restoration in wilderness

Landres

Hahn

Biber

et al. 2020

Restoration Ecology

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“…Therefore, according to this view, conservation must involve less historicity, less nostalgia , than it traditionally has. We must embrace the Anthropocene and take on the role of managing the natural world as a “rambunctious garden.” We need to move species to where they need to be in order to persist, modify organisms and populations so that they are better suited to their novel ecological conditions, and engineer ecological systems so that they continue to provide requisite ecosystem services …”

Section: The Appeal To the Anthropocenementioning

confidence: 99%

De‐extinction and Conservation Genetics in the Anthropocene

Sandler¹

2017

Hastings Center Report

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O ne interesting feature of de-extinction-particularly with respect to long-extinct species such as the passenger pigeon, thylacine, and mammoth-is that it does not fit neatly into the primary rationales for adopting novel ecosystem-management and species-conservation technologies and strategies: efficiency and necessity. The efficiency rationale is that the new technology or strategy enables conservation biologists to do what they already do more effectively. Why should researchers embrace novel information technologies? Because they allow scientists to better track, monitor, map, aggregate, and analyze species behaviors, biological systems, and human-environment interactions. This enables better decision-making about how to protect species, which areas to conserve, and how to reduce anthropogenic impacts on ecological systems. Many projects in conservation genomics are justified in this way. They involve doing the sorts of things that conservation biologists already do, but they bring new tools to bear on them. Captive breeding programs of endangered species are common. Analyzing the genomes of the individuals involved to increase genetic diversity and avoid inbreeding-as is being done with the island fox in California and the owl parrot in New Zealand, for example-simply increases the likelihood of positive outcomes.The necessity rationale is that unless the novel technique or technology is adopted, the conservation effort will fail. Why should species threatened by climate change be transferred to locations beyond their historical ranges? Because they will go extinct from anthropogenic climatic and ecological changes if they are not. Many applications of conservation genomics are justified in this way. Why should we embrace the genetic modification of the American chestnut? Because it is the only way to establish resistance to the blight that has decimated them. Why should we sequence and synthesize the genomes of frozen specimens of black-footed ferrets? Because it is the only way to increase the genetic diversity of their population enough for long-term viability.The efficiency and last-resort rationales involve reasoning about means-about what is necessary to achieve a goal or how to achieve a given goal most effectively. Introducing the novel technology or technique does not bring into question or require a rethinking of the aim of the conservation activity. The goal is to preserve at-risk species, and the reasoning offered is that we should be open to adopting these new tools and methods because they are conducive to achieving that end. Therefore, debate about the technology tends to focus on whether they can be employed responsibly and whether there is anything ethically objectionable about pursuing conservation in such ways.Of course, it is also possible to use many of these technologies and methods for other ends. Assisted colonization can be and is being done for aesthetic and economic reasons as well as for conservation purposes. The same is true of genetic modification, synthetic genomics, and con...

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“…This ethics theory is primarily individual-based rather than action-based. It is underlining on the moral and virtue character of an individual accomplishing an action rather than focusing on the consequences of this action or ethical rule and duty (Sandler, 2013).…”

Section: Virtue Ethicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Ethical Framework for Personal Care Robots: Review and Reflection

Mansouri¹,

Goher

2016

ASS

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In recent decades, robots have been used noticeably at various industries. Autonomous robots have been embedded in human lives especially in elderly and disabled lives. Elderly population is growing worldwide significantly; therefore there is an increased need of personal care robots to enhance mobility and to promote independence. A great number of aging and disabled hold appeals for using robots in daily routine tasks as well as for various healthcare matters. It is essential to follow a proper framework in ethics of robot design to fulfill individual needs, whilst considering potential harmful effects of robots. This paper primarily focuses on the existing issues in robot ethics including general ethics theories and ethics frameworks for robots. Consequentialism ethics will be recommended to be applied in robot ethics frameworks.

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Environmental Virtue Ethics

Cited by 61 publications

References 12 publications

Protected area stewardship in the Anthropocene: integrating science, law, and ethics to evaluate proposals for ecological restoration in wilderness

Protected area stewardship in the Anthropocene: integrating science, law, and ethics to evaluate proposals for ecological restoration in wilderness

De‐extinction and Conservation Genetics in the Anthropocene

Towards Ethical Framework for Personal Care Robots: Review and Reflection

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