Environmentally benign silver bio-nanomaterials as potent antioxidant, antibacterial, and antidiabetic agents: Green synthesis using Salacia oblonga root extract

Abstract

Introduction: The use of plant extracts in the green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles is one of the simplest, most practical, economical, and ecologically friendly methods for avoiding the use of toxic chemicals.Method: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized, employing a high-efficiency, non- toxic, cost-effective, green, and simple technique that included the use of Salacia oblonga root extract (SOR) as a capping agent compared to synthetic nanoparticles. The use of S. oblonga can be seen in traditional medicines for treating diabetes, obesity, rheumatism, gonorrhea, asthma, and hyperglycemia. The objectives of the current study were to green synthesize S. oblonga root extract silver nanoparticles (SOR-AgNPs), characterize them, and study their antioxidant, antibacterial, and antidiabetic activities.Result: The shape of SOR-AgNPs was spherical, at less than 99.8 nm in size, and exhibited a crystalline peak at XRD. The green synthesized SOR-AgNPs showed significant antioxidant properties like DPPH (80.64 μg/mL), reducing power capacity (81.09 ± SEM μg/mL), nitric oxide (96.58 μg/mL), and hydroxyl (58.38 μg/mL) radical scavenging activities. The MIC of SOR-AgNPs was lower in gram-positive bacteria. The SOR-AgNPs have displayed efficient inhibitory activity against α-amylase, with an EC50 of 58.38 μg/mL. Analysis of capping protein around the SOR-AgNPs showed a molecular weight of 30 kDa.Discussion: These SOR-AgNPs could be used as antibacterial and antidiabetic drugs in the future as it is cheap, non-toxic, and environmentally friendly. Bio-fabricated AgNPs had a significant impact on bacterial strains and could be used as a starting point for future antibacterial drug development.

Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles Using Alnus nitida Leaf Extract as a Potential Antioxidant and Anticancer Agent

“…Another study demonstrated significant antioxidant effects of AgNPs synthesized from root extract of Salacia oblonga. The activity was attributed to the adsorption of various phytochemical and functional groups on the surfaces of AgNPs . Our results further validate these studies.…”

“…The observed value was within the range reported previously. 8 , 17 , 18 UV–vis spectrophotometry is a valuable technique for the characterization and monitoring the synthesis of AgNPs. In addition to light scattering, AgNPs have unique optical properties that enable them to interact with specific wavelength of light.…”

“…Due to its availability and cost-effectiveness, plant extracts have gained popularity for research purposes. A large number of plants such as Eugenia roxburghii, Salacia oblonga, Rubus ellipticus, Protium serratum, Teucrium apollinis, Pueraria tuberosa, Reynoutria japonica, and Ganoderma applanatum have been used for the synthesis of metal NPs with improved biological activities. However, the production of AgNPs from indigenous plant species such as A.…”

Antimicrobial Activity of Citrate-Coated Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles

“…According to the PubMed electronic database, the number of articles devoted to the production and potential uses of cerium nanoparticles in medicine and veterinary science has increased over the past 10 years, from 156 in 2012 to 407 in 2022. Researchers have associated the most significant prospects for the use of nanoparticles with the noted increase in the regenerative activity of tissues during traumatic damage (including infected wounds of various etiologies), the restoration of functioning tissue after severe somatic diseases accompanied by the partial necrosis of organs [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ], and antioxidant [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ] and antitumor effects [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ] with controlled, targeted drug delivery [ 25 , 26 ]. It is especially worth noting the close attention that has been paid in the modern medical and biological literature to the still difficult-to-predict antibacterial effects that accompany exposure to metal nanoparticles and metal salts with Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria [ 20 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ].…”

Salacia spp.: recent insights on biotechnological interventions and future perspectives

“…The leaf extract–derived silver nanoparticles from S. mulbarica proved to be a better antibacterial agent against E. coli and B. subtilis and also possess the capability of ct-DNA damage via releasing of reactive oxygen species (Espenti et al 2020 ). In recent times, environmentally benign silver bio-nanomaterials have been synthesized from the root extracts of S. oblonga and served as potent antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-diabetic agents (Dugganaboyana et al 2023 ). Recently, Sabeena et al ( 2023 ) performed a comparative study on chemical and green approaches for synthesis of nanocomposites from leaf extracts of S. reticulata and subsequently characterized for in vivo and in vitro biological properties.…”