Environmentally compatible next generation green energetic materials (GEMs)

Talawar, M. B.; Sivabalan, R.; Mukundan, T.; Muthurajan, H.; Sikder, A. K.; Gandhe, B.R.; Rao, A. Subhananda

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.04.011

Cited by 646 publications

(418 citation statements)

References 95 publications

(99 reference statements)

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“…This is slightly lower than the 8 % proposed by other authors. [2] The deviation is likely due to differences in the considered formulations as well as the method of calculation. The chamber combustion temperature (T c ) is slightly lower than the reference, that is, 4220 K.…”

Section: Wwwchemeurjorgmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1,2] Novel high-energydensity materials (HEDMs) synthesized in recent years, such as hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane , various tetrazole-and tetrazine-based salts, nitrated cubanes, furazans, and furoxans have been suggested for ranges of applications such as primary and secondary explosives, [3,4] pyrotechnics, [5] propellant formulations, and so forth. [1,2,4] As opposed to a typical explosive, an oxidizer is a molecule with a positive oxygen balance. Oxidizers suitable for solid rocket propellants are very few in numbers and the majority of formulations used today are based on ammonium perchlorate (AP, NH 4 ClO 4 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Kinetic Stability and Propellant Performance of Green Energetic Materials

Rahm

Brinck

2010

Chemistry A European J

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Outside contact: Cells in multicellular organisms regulate their adhesion through specialized integrin receptors, which relay signals bidirectionally between the inside and outside of cells. The transmembrane domains (see picture, blue; the integrin–talin complex is red and green) of integrins are the center of the signaling process. Recently, structures of these domains have been reported that shed light on the signal transduction mechanism.

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Section: Wwwchemeurjorgmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic Stability and Propellant Performance of Green Energetic Materials

Rahm

Brinck

2010

Chemistry A European J

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“…Nitrogen-rich heterocyclic compounds are promising candidates for high-energy density molecules (HEDMs) together with being clean for environment. The general expectations for the potential candidates of HEDMs include high positive formation enthalpy (∆Hf), high density, acceptable oxygen balance (OB), excellent detonation properties, and low sensitivity to external forces such as impact or friction [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. To meet the ongoing demand for improved energetic materials, there is a clear need to continue to design and to develop novel HEDMs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decomposition Mechanisms of Nitrogen Rich Pyrotechnics, DHT, DIAT and DAAT

Gümüş¹,

Uygur²,

Gümüş³

2017

MOCR

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Abstract. The decomposition mechanism of nitrogen rich, environmentally friendly (green) pyrotechnics DHT (3,6-di(hydrazino)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine), DIAT (3,6-diazido-1,2,4,5-tetrazine) and DAAT (3,3-Azobis (6-amino-1,2,4,5-tetrazine) were investigated theoretically at the level of MP2/6-31G(d,p) level. The reaction coordinates for the decomposition were drawn and energy profile was built for all three. The decomposition products of these pyrotechnics are mainly nitrogen gas together with small carbon containing fragments. The reactants, intermediates, products were computed to be minima at the potential energy surface, on the other hand, the transition states were located on saddle points on the corresponding reactions.

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“…On the other hand, polycondensation reactions are traditionally performed in polar high-boiling-point organic solvents such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), N,Ndimethylacetamide (DMAc), and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), which generally cause several ecological disadvantages further than the imposition of the overcost on synthetic methods. So development of the effective techniques for replacing or removing hazardous materials is one of the recent environmental issues [19,20]. Recently, ionic liquids (ILs) have been of interest in many fields of chemistry because of their exclusive properties such as solubility, nonvolatility, high reactivity, low flammability, and possibility of recycling [21][22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic Liquid-Catalyzed Preparation of Aromatic Polyamides Containing Phthalazinone Moiety

Zahmatkesh

2012

ISRN Polymer Science

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An unsymmetrical heterocyclic dicarboxylic acid monomer, 4-[4-(4-carboxy phenoxy)-naphthyl]-2-(4-carboxyphenyl) phthalazin-1-one (1) was successfully prepared. A series of polyamides containing phthalazinone were prepared from the prepared dicarboxylic acid with various aromatic diamines in an ionic liquid (IL) as a green, safe, and eco-friendly medium and also reactions catalysis agent. Evaluation of data shows that IL is the better polyamidation medium than the reported method and the catalysis stands on the higher inherent viscosities and yields of the obtained PAs and the rate of polymerizations beyond the greener reaction conditions and deletion of some essential reagents in conventional manner. Characterization was performed by means of 1 H-NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetric techniques. Molecular weights of the obtained polyamides were evaluated viscometrically, and the measured inherent viscosities were in the range of 0.46-0.71 dL/g. These polyamides were readily soluble in many organic solvents. These polymers still keep good thermal stability with high glass transition temperatures in the range of 310-345 • C and the decomposition temperature under the nitrogen atmosphere for 10% weight-loss temperatures in excess of 488 • C.

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Environmentally compatible next generation green energetic materials (GEMs)

Cited by 646 publications

References 95 publications

Kinetic Stability and Propellant Performance of Green Energetic Materials

Kinetic Stability and Propellant Performance of Green Energetic Materials

Decomposition Mechanisms of Nitrogen Rich Pyrotechnics, DHT, DIAT and DAAT

Ionic Liquid-Catalyzed Preparation of Aromatic Polyamides Containing Phthalazinone Moiety

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