Environmentally Friendly Strategies for Recycling Agricultural Waste to Produce Renewable Energy: A Case Study of Durian Fruit

Abstract

The increasing need for harvests, resources, and facilities is associated with significant biowaste production from agricultural processes. Although the waste is nutrient-rich, it may become refinement lands for ailment-triggering bacteria when not managed correctly. The waste can be transformed into raw materials for valuable crops or sources of environmentally friendly energy. Therefore, this study examined agricultural waste management strategies as Indonesia's sustainable renewable energy source. SWOT and TOPSIS methods were used to identify the optimal approach for advancing renewable energy in Riau Province, while multiple respondents participated in identifying critical criteria and evaluating each option. The results showed that based on SWOT analysis, the Strength–Opportunity (SO) factor favored using agricultural waste for renewable energy in Indonesia. Furthermore, TOPSIS analysis indicated that Alternative A2 (Bioethanol) had the most significant distance among the alternatives, with a weight of 0.825. Future studies are needed to provide more accurate results and improve the current understanding regarding the evolution of renewable energy in Indonesia. Additionally, in-depth investigations should prioritize increased consumer awareness of renewable consumption, higher producer productivity, and strengthened policies.