Environmentally induced changes in immunological function: acute and chronic effects of inhalation of tobacco smoke and other atmospheric contaminants in man and experimental animals.

Effect of cigarette smoking on the antibody response to inhaled antigens and the prevalence of extrinsic allergic alveolitis among pigeon breeders

“…Cigarette smokers have an increased prevalence of many diseases which predominantly affect the lung [5,7,17]. In the present study however extrinsic allergic alveolitis.…”

“…Cigarette smoking was examined as one measurable environmental factor which may have a bearing on disease. Local pulmonary immune mechanisms are thought to be impaired by cigarette smoking [5], and smoking causes a corresponding increased susceptibility to lung infections and malignancy [5][6][7]. However, during epidemiological investigations of EAA among pigeon breeders [8,9] and farmers [10][11][12], the incidences of EAA were found to be lower among smokers.…”

Low natural killer‐cell activity and immunoglobulin levels associated with smoking in human subjects

“…The underlying cause for this association between smoking and the increased incidence of malignancy is unknown and it is probable that multiple factors may be involved, including direct carcinogenic effects of products formed from tobacco during smoking.One of the possible associations, however, that has received little attention, is that related to the effects of smoking on the immune system. There is much experimental evidence from studies on both man and animals to show that smoking causes changes in the immune system (Holt and Keast, 1977) and surveillance by the immune system is considered important in control of tumour emergence and growth.In particular, recent studies have suggested that natural killer (NK) activity may play an important role in tumour surveillance (Kiessling and Haller, 1978;Baldwin, 1977;. Research originating in this laboratory has provided additional support for a surveillance role for NK cells in that melanoma patients with low post-operative NK activity against melanoma target cells had a significantly higher incidence of recurrence of melanoma than did patients with higher post-operative NK activity (Hersey et al, 1978).The present study was undertaken to determine whether an association between smoking and the increased incidence of cancer may be due to an effect on NK activity.…”

“…In particular, recent studies have suggested that natural killer (NK) activity may play an important role in tumour surveillance (Kiessling and Haller, 1978;Baldwin, 1977;. Research originating in this laboratory has provided additional support for a surveillance role for NK cells in that melanoma patients with low post-operative NK activity against melanoma target cells had a significantly higher incidence of recurrence of melanoma than did patients with higher post-operative NK activity (Hersey et al, 1978).…”

Rauchen – Auswirkungen auf die Haut

“…Raucher haben ein gro È ûeres Risiko, Metastasen zu entwickeln als Nichtraucher daû die Inhalation von Zigarettenrauch bei Tieren zu einer verminderten zellula Èren und humoralen Immunantwort auf zuvor transplantierte Melanomzellen fu Èhrte, und daû natu Èrliche Killerzellen von Rauchern eine geringere Aktivita Èt gegenu Èber kultivierten Melanomzellen aufwiesen als von Nichtrauchern stammende Killerzellen [35,36].…”