Environmentally-induced cracking of zirconium alloys — A review

Cox, B.

doi:10.1016/0022-3115(90)90321-d

Cited by 116 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…InterGranular Stress-Corrosion Cracking (IGSCC) is a material degradation mode that has been observed experimentally for a wide range of materials and applications, for example in austenitic stainless steels (Nishioka et al, 2008;Le Millier et al, 2013;Stephenson and Was, 2014;Gupta et al, 2016) and zirconium alloys (Cox, 1970(Cox, , 1990 used in nuclear power plant environment, nickel-based alloys (Van Rooyen, 1975;Shen and Shewmon, 1990;Panter et al, 2006;IAEA, 2011) of steam generators, high strength aluminium alloys used as structural materials in moist air or aqueous environment (Speidel, 1975;Burleigh, 1991), and ferritic steels used for pipelines in presence of carbon-dioxide (Wang and Atrens, 1996;Arafin and Szpunar, 2009). All these IGSCC examples correspond to the initiation and propagation of cracks at grain boundaries (King et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intergranular normal stress distributions in untextured polycrystalline aggregates

Shawish

Hure

2018

European Journal of Mechanics - A/Solids

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From a general point of view, InterGranular Stress-Corrosion Cracking (IGSCC) results from the interplay between mechanical loading and grain boundaries opening. The former leads to intergranular stresses in polycrystalline aggregates, the latter being either stress-accelerated or stress-induced. This work aims at obtaining intergranular normal stress distributions in uncracked polycrystalline aggregates, which is considered as a key milestone towards IGSCC initiation predictive modelling. Based on the finite element method, numerical simulations have been performed on Voronoi polycrystalline aggregates considering a wide variety of material constitutive equations: crystal elasticity (cubic and hexagonal symmetries) with different anisotropy ratios and crystal plasticity for different sets of slip systems under the assumption of uniform critical resolved shear stress: Face-Centered Cubic (FCC), Body-Centered Cubic (BCC) and Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP) with or without hardening, and for both uniaxial and equibiaxial macroscopic loading conditions. In the elastic regime, a correlation between standard deviations of intergranular normal stress distributions and a universal elastic anisotropy index proposed recently is found and explained through a simple model. For macroscopic strain larger than the yield strain, the evolution of standard deviations with strain is rationalized by accounting only for the macroscopic elastic strain and the standard deviation of Taylor factor. These numerical results associated with physically-based simple models allow to estimate easily intergranular normal stress concentrations, constituting a tool for classifying polycrystalline aggregates according to their potential susceptibility to IGSCC.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intergranular normal stress distributions in untextured polycrystalline aggregates

Shawish

Hure

2018

European Journal of Mechanics - A/Solids

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“…Intergranular cracking is also observed in some circumstances. Cleavage-like {0001} and fl uted fractures are also observed for SCC of Ti and Zr alloys in a variety of environments (acids, water (+Cl -), chlorinated hydrocarbons, hot molten salts, and dry halogen vapours) [86,[169][170][171]. * For some titanium alloys in aggressive environments, SCC plateau velocities at high K can be as high as ~0.1 mm/s ( Fig.…”

Section: Mg Zr and Ti Alloysmentioning

confidence: 98%

Mechanistic and fractographic aspects of stress-corrosion cracking (SCC)

Lynch

2011

Stress Corrosion Cracking

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“…Hydrogen will diffuse to areas of high hydrostatic tensile stress, and hence hydride formation is favoured at these locations. Whether or not DHC cracking will initiate at a flaw depends on whether the stress intensity at that location exceeds the critical stress intensity (K IH ) for the onset of DHC, dependent on temperature and the size of the hydride [2]. Once the stress is sufficient and if the hydride is large enough, the hydride fractures and the resulting crack propagates through the brittle hydride until it reaches zirconium, where its progress is arrested.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The time-dependent cracking mechanism known as Delayed Hydride Cracking (DHC), which can occur even in isothermal conditions [2,3] is a potential cause of failure of such components. DHC can initiate when hydrides form in the region of a sharp flaw or crack.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%