Environmentally Relevant Concentrations of Atrazine and Ametrine Induce Micronuclei Formation and Nuclear Abnormalities in Erythrocytes of Fish

Botelho, Rafael Guimarães; Monteiro, Sérgio Henrique; Christofoletti, Cintya Aparecida; Andrade, Graziela C. R. M.; Tornisielo, Valdemar Luiz

doi:10.1007/s00244-015-0171-6

Cited by 28 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…This result of cATZ exposure is in agreement with other works that showed DNA damage after long-term exposure to sublethal concentrations of cATZ [11] or sATZ [12] in other fish species. In contrast with our data, studies have demonstrated potential genotoxic effects of cATZ [10] and sATZ [25] in other fish at nonlethal concentrations in a short-term assay, however, these species were not challenged in a long-term assay, which would allow us to compare with our results. Indeed, few works investigated the recovery potential after ATZ long-term exposure, and as far as we know, the present work for the first time evaluated the genotoxicity induced by cATZ in pacu in both long-term exposure and recovery assays.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Effects of sublethal and realistic concentrations of the commercial herbicide atrazine in Pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus): Long-term exposure and recovery assays

et al. 2020

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Background and Aim: The commercial formulations of the herbicide atrazine (cATZ) are widely employed in Brazilian agriculture, and, as a consequence, ATZ has been found at levels above that established by law in the river basins in Brazil. Although the toxicity of ATZ in fish is well documented, there are few studies on the recovery capacity after cATZ exposure. This work aimed to evaluate, using several biomarkers, the toxic effects of long-term exposure to the sublethal (3.57 mg/L) and nonlethal realistic (3.00 μg/L) cATZ concentrations followed by a recovery assay, in fingerlings of a Brazilian teleost, the Piaractus mesopotamicus (pacu). Materials and Methods: Pacu fingerlings were housed in glass tanks and divided into the following experimental groups (two tanks/group): Exposure control = EC, recovery control = RC, the sublethal groups exposed to 3.57 mg/L of cATZ, (sublethal exposure group = SLE and sublethal recovery group = SLR) and the nonlethal groups treated with 3.00 μg/L of cATZ (nonlethal exposure group = NLE and nonlethal recovery group = NLR). The exposure assay was semi-static with a duration of 30 days and the recovery assay (after cATZ withdrawal) lasted 14 days. Several biomarkers were evaluated in fingerlings from all groups: The swimming behavior, the body weight gain, the micronucleus formation and nuclear alterations in erythrocytes, and the hepatic and renal histopathology analyzed by qualitative and semi-quantitative morphological methods (using light and electron microscopy). Results: No significant difference in weight gain was observed among the groups after the exposure and recovery assays. The sublethal exposure induced impaired swimming movements, significant histopathological alterations, including necrosis in the liver and kidney, and a significant increase in the frequency of micronuclei in erythrocytes. The nonlethal exposure induced only subtle histopathological changes in the liver and kidney. After recovery assay, no genotoxic alteration was noted in pacu exposed to sublethal concentration, while the cATZ-induced kidney damage was partially reversed but not the hepatic injury. Conclusion: cATZ exhibits long-term toxic effects on pacu, even at relatively low concentrations, affecting mainly the liver and the kidney, and the effects of sublethal concentration are only partially reversed after cATZ withdrawal.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Effects of sublethal and realistic concentrations of the commercial herbicide atrazine in Pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus): Long-term exposure and recovery assays

et al. 2020

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“…Botelho et al [43] observed that ametryn was more genotoxic to D. rerio since it induced higher incidence of nuclear abnormalities in erythrocytes compared to atrazine when exposed Danio rerio the concentrations of atrazine and ametryn approximately 6 and 8 times higher than the higher concentrations found in the fee-fishing ponds of the present study, respectively.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 50%

Contamination of fee-fishing ponds with agrochemicals used in sugarcane crops

et al. 2020

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The increasing use of agrochemicals negatively affects the environment while the generated residues impact the hydrographic networks which feed the rivers and fishing ponds, so this work investigates pesticide contamination in the supply and fishing tank waters and bottom sediment of fee-fishing ponds located in micro-basins planted with sugarcane. The results are expected to indicate the water contamination level and the impact on both the environment and human health. Therefore, water and bottom sediments from fishing ponds nearby sugarcane plantations were sampled quarterly over a year. The pesticide residues in the samples were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The contaminants detected in the ponds were tebuthiuron (2.908 ng mL −1), metolachlor (1.211 ng mL −1), hexazinone (1.065 ng mL −1), atrazine (1.008 ng mL −1), ametryn (1.004 ng mL −1), and clomazone (0.858 ng mL −1) in the water samples while metolachlor (2.308 ng g −1), tebuthiuron (0.540 ng g −1), hexazinone (0.394 ng g −1), and isoxaflutole (0.004 ng g −1) were detected in the sediment samples. Additionally, the results show that the size of sugarcane cultivated area nearby the fishing ponds, herbicide physicochemical parameters, and applications coinciding with high rainfall are all relevant factors for water contamination. Furthermore, sediment contamination is directly correlated with the herbicides in the water ponds.

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“…Although this result could also be given by the different sample size between study sites, it should be noted that a different contaminant profile can also result in mismatch between habitats [13]. For example, exposure to atrazine and ametrine herbicides resulted in increased MN [55]; in contrast, a different herbicide, pendimethalin, showed increased ENA but not MN [56]. Tetrachloroethene, the only CEC analyzed that presented higher concentrations in P2 than P1, is a dry-cleaning compound widely used in the textile industry, known to have toxic effects in fish [57,58].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Non-Invasive Methods in Measuring Fish Welfare: The Measurement of Cortisol Concentrations in Fish Skin Mucus as a Biomarker of Habitat Quality

Carbajal

Soler

Talló-Parra

et al. 2019

Animals

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Simple SummaryThe analysis of circulating cortisol has been by far the most common method used as a means to assess fish stress responses and, thus, animal welfare. To avoid many of the drawbacks inherent to blood sampling, cortisol can be less-invasively detected in fish skin mucus. The measurement of cortisol in skin mucus however, has, to date, only been demonstrated as suitable for farm fish, although its application to free-ranging animals would offer many advantages. The present study was therefore designed to evaluate the applicability of skin mucus cortisol analysis as a potential tool to assess habitat quality. To that end, wild fish residing in environments of different habitat quality were sampled for blood and skin mucus. First, several physiological endpoints typically used as indicators of exposure to pollutants were accurately related to the habitat quality in the Catalan chub (Squalius laietanus). Second, cortisol levels in blood were also compared between habitats, and they were successfully correlated to skin mucus cortisol concentrations. Finally, we contrasted the patterns of response of all the endpoints assessed to skin mucus cortisol levels across the sites. The strong linkages detected in this study provide new evidence that the measurement of cortisol in skin mucus could be potentially used as a biomarker of habitat quality in freshwater fish. AbstractCortisol levels in fish skin mucus have shown to be good stress indicators in farm fish exposed to different stressors. Its applicability in free-ranging animals subject to long-term environmental stressors though remains to be explored. The present study was therefore designed to examine whether skin mucus cortisol levels from a wild freshwater fish (Catalan chub, Squalius laietanus) are affected by the habitat quality. Several well-established hematological parameters and cortisol concentrations were measured in blood and compared to variations in skin mucus cortisol values across three habitats with different pollution gradient. Fluctuations of cortisol in skin mucus varied across the streams of differing habitat quality, following a similar pattern of response to that detected by the assessment of cortisol levels in blood and the hematological parameters. Furthermore, there was a close relationship between cortisol concentrations in skin mucus and several of the erythrocytic alterations and the relative proportion of neutrophils to lymphocytes. Taken together, results of this study provide the first evidence that skin mucus cortisol levels could be influenced by habitat quality. Although results should be interpreted with caution, because a small sample size was collected in one studied habitat, the measurement of cortisol in skin mucus could be potentially used as a biomarker in freshwater fish.

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Environmentally Relevant Concentrations of Atrazine and Ametrine Induce Micronuclei Formation and Nuclear Abnormalities in Erythrocytes of Fish

Cited by 28 publications

References 32 publications

Effects of sublethal and realistic concentrations of the commercial herbicide atrazine in Pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus): Long-term exposure and recovery assays

Effects of sublethal and realistic concentrations of the commercial herbicide atrazine in Pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus): Long-term exposure and recovery assays

Contamination of fee-fishing ponds with agrochemicals used in sugarcane crops

Towards Non-Invasive Methods in Measuring Fish Welfare: The Measurement of Cortisol Concentrations in Fish Skin Mucus as a Biomarker of Habitat Quality

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