Environmentally safe (chlorine-free): new green propellant formulation based on 2,2,2-trinitroethyl-formate and HTPB

Abd‐Elghany, Mohamed; Klapötke, Thomas M.; Elbeih, Ahmed

doi:10.1039/c8ra01515e

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 42 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Coefficients X 1 , C 1 , C 2 were determined by means of multiple linear regression analysis (MLRA). The general formula for calculating the specific impulse takes the following form ( 9), (10)…”

Section: Determining the Energetic Characteristics Of Prospective Environmentally Friendly Oxidizers And Their Mixtures With Bindersmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Determining energetic characteristics and selecting environmentally friendly components for solid rocket propellants at the early stages of design

Kositsyna

Varlan

Dron

et al. 2021

EEJET

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper has investigated the possibility to theoretically calculate a value of the specific impulse for highly energetic compositions using only two parameters – the heat of the reaction and the number of moles of gaseous decomposition reaction products. Specific impulse is one of the most important energetic characteristics of rocket propellant. It demonstrates the level of achieving the value of engine thrust and propellant utilization efficiency. Determining the specific impulse experimentally is a complex task that requires meeting special conditions. For the stage of synthesis of new promising components, the comparative analysis of energetic characteristics, forecasting the value of specific impulse, especially relevant are calculation methods. Most of these methods were first developed to determine the energetic characteristics of explosives. Since explosives and rocket propellants in many cases have similar energy content and similar chemical composition, some estimation methods can be used to assess the specific impulse of solid rocket propellant. The specific impulse has been calculated for 45 compositions based on environmentally friendly oxidizers (ammonium dinitramide, hydrazinium nitroformate, hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane) and polymer binders polybutadiene with terminal hydroxyl groups, glycidylazide polymer, poly-3-nitratomethyl-3-methyloxetane). It was established that the estimation data obtained correlate well with literary data. Deviation of the derived values of the specific impulse from those reported in the literature is from 0.4 % to 1.8 %. The calculation results could be used for preliminary forecasting of energetic characteristics for highly energetic compositions, selecting the most promising components, as well as their ratios.

show abstract

Section: Determining the Energetic Characteristics Of Prospective Environmentally Friendly Oxidizers And Their Mixtures With Bindersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…That leads to depletion of the ozone layer and the formation of acid rains. Therefore, back in the 1990s, the search for new environmentally friendly oxidizers for rocket propellants that do not contain chlorine atoms [8][9][10][11] was launched.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining energetic characteristics and selecting environmentally friendly components for solid rocket propellants at the early stages of design

Kositsyna

Varlan

Dron

et al. 2021

EEJET

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The combustion process involved here is altogether different than open burning/rocket propulsion. The environmental hazards of high energy propellant waste combustion products are studied earlier by few researchers [20][21][22][23][24] .…”

Section: Combustion Products Of High Energy Propellant Waste Used In Bricksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilisation of High Energy Propellant Waste in Manufacturing of Fired Clay Bricks to Enhance the Acoustic Properties

Mehta¹,

Kumaraswamy²,

Saraswat³

et al. 2021

Def. Sc. J.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The disposal and waste management of solid high energy propellant (HEP) is a considerate conservational problem. HEP waste is currently disposed in open or confined burning which may cause environmental hazards. In this paper, we examined and discussed results on recycling of HEP waste into fired clay bricks baked in different orientation. HEP modified bricks with 1.5%, 3% and 5 wt. % HEP waste content were manufactured and tested, and then compared against virgin clay bricks without HEP content. The effect of directional orientation of bricks baked with varying HEP content on acoustic properties were experimented and discussed. The sound transmission loss decreases with increase in HEP waste due to formation of independently closed directional pores. The transmission loss of horizontally baked during firing of bricks is nearly 5dB lower than vertically baked bricks. Results of the experimental studies indicate that HEP waste can be utilised in fired clay bricks and different orientation baking further enhances the acoustic properties.

show abstract

“…However, most of the nitrogen-rich compounds reported in pyrotechnics have complicated and lengthy synthetic routes and low yields . 4-Hydroxy-3,5-dinitropyrazole (DNPO) is an energetic ligand of poly-nitro pyrazole, with easily available raw materials, simple route, and excellent performance. − The existence of nitro and hydroxyl functional groups can increase the oxygen balance and energy performance of ECPs, thereby reducing the use of oxidants such as chlorine, sulfur, and heavy metals in pyrotechnic formula. − Researchers have carried out preliminary studies on DNPO, but have not systematically studied the abound and interesting coordination configurations formed by its coordination with metals and their applications in the field of pyrotechnics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multidimensional Energetic Coordination Polymers as Flame Colorants: Intriguing Architecture and Excellent Performance

Dong

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2022

Crystal Growth & Design

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A flexible and multifunctional 4-hydroxy-3,5-dinitropyrazole (DNPO) ligand was produced while seeking "green" energetic coordination polymers (ECPs). A series of alkali metal and alkaline earth metal ECPs of DNPO were successfully prepared and comprehensively characterized using elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. All ECPs were characterized via single-crystal X-ray diffraction. They have high crystal densities ranging from 1.743 (ECP-6) to 3.399 g cm −3 (ECP-5). Furthermore, various shapes of zero-dimensional (0D), onedimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D), and three-dimensional (3D) supramolecular structures were found for the preparation of ECP, and each metal was combined in a specific and characteristic manner. All the prepared ECPs show excellent thermal stability, and the decomposition temperatures are higher than 347.0 °C (ECP-9) and 418.0 °C (ECP-1), due to the numerous coordination bonds and the network structure of the complex. The sensitivities toward impact and friction were tested using standard methods, and most of ECPs (ECP-1, ECP-2, and ECP-6 to ECP-9) can be considered insensitive to impact and friction, with values higher than 40 J and 360 N, respectively. ECP-3, ECP-4, and ECP-5 are sensitive toward impact (30, 12, and 8 J, respectively), while they are insensitive toward friction (≥360 N). Upon their combustion, these ECPs exhibit a series of unique flame colors, making them promising flame colorants for various ecofriendly pyrotechnic formulations.

show abstract

Environmentally safe (chlorine-free): new green propellant formulation based on 2,2,2-trinitroethyl-formate and HTPB

Abstract: Burning behavior of a traditional (AP/HTPB) and new (TNEF/HTPB) propellants.

Cited by 14 publications

References 42 publications

Determining energetic characteristics and selecting environmentally friendly components for solid rocket propellants at the early stages of design

Determining energetic characteristics and selecting environmentally friendly components for solid rocket propellants at the early stages of design

Utilisation of High Energy Propellant Waste in Manufacturing of Fired Clay Bricks to Enhance the Acoustic Properties

Multidimensional Energetic Coordination Polymers as Flame Colorants: Intriguing Architecture and Excellent Performance

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About