Environmentally Sensitive Elements in Groundwater of an Industrial Town in India: Spatial Distribution and Human Health Risk

Singh, Dapinder Deep; Thind, Parteek Singh; Sharma, Mukta; Sahoo, Sudhansu S.; John, Siby

doi:10.3390/w11112350

Cited by 27 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…where SI i represents the subindex of the ith indicator, W i is the relative weight, q i represents the quality rating for each chemical indicator, w i is the weight of each element (pH 0.11, EC 0.0004, F − 0.666, Cl − 0.004, SO 4 2− 0.004, and NO 3 − 0.02), n, C i , and S i represent the total number (n = 6), the concentration, and the guideline value (according to drinking water quality guidelines established by the World Health Organization (WHO) and according to the Directive 98/83/EC [25,40]. In this study, a total of six chemical parameters were considered, with guideline values according to WHO and the Directive 98/83/EC for F − (1.5 mg L −1 ), pH (6.5-9.5), EC (2500 µS The HPI estimates the overall combined effect of individual heavy metals concentration of the quality of water sources [41]. The HPI was calculated using Equation 5based on the concentration of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Fe and the values established by the WHO guideline and by the Directive 98/83/EC [28,40].…”

Section: Water Quality Index (Wqi)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quality and Health Risk Assessment Associated with Water Consumption—A Case Study on Karstic Springs

Moldovan

Hoaghia

Kovács

et al. 2020

Water

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In rural areas without centralized water supply systems, inhabitants often use groundwater of unknown quality as drinking water, without understanding the possible negative consequences on their health. Karstic spring waters from Dobrogea region in Romania were assessed for their potential to be used as drinking water source, according to their quality and seasonal variation. The physico-chemical parameters of waters were compared with the guideline values for drinking water established by the World Health Organization and the Directive 98/83/EC. The nitrate and Cr concentrations exceeded the guideline value in the springs from Southern Dobrogea, but met the quality criteria in those from Northern Dobrogea, thus, to be used as drinking water, the karstic springs located in Southern Dobrogea require treatment for nitrates removal. Heavy metals pollution indices showed low to medium cumulative heavy metal pollution in all springs, while the human health risk assessment by oral exposure indicated possible noncarcinogenic risks of nitrates, both for adults and children in springs from South Dobrogea. A rigorous monitoring of the water quality before human consumption is recommended for all four studied water sources.

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Section: Water Quality Index (Wqi)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The used factors are indicated in Table 3. Waters with HPI < 100 are characterized as unpolluted, while with HPI > 100 are classified polluted with heavy metals, considered not suitable for drinking purposes [41]. Table 3.…”

Section: Water Quality Index (Wqi)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality and Health Risk Assessment Associated with Water Consumption—A Case Study on Karstic Springs

Moldovan

Hoaghia

Kovács

et al. 2020

Water

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“…Health risk assessment (HRA) is widely used to quantify the risk of human exposure to certain pollutants [16,22,23]. HRA can be estimated by both deterministic and probabilistic methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Health Risk Assessment for Exposure to Potentially Toxic Elements in Polluted Rivers in the Ecuadorian Amazon

Jiménez-Oyola

Escobar-Segovia

García-Martínez

et al. 2021

Water

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Anthropogenic activities performed in the Ecuadorian Amazon have released potentially toxic elements (PTEs) into the rivers, causing severe environmental pollution and increasing the risk of exposure to the residents of the surrounding areas. This study aims to carry out a human health risk assessment using deterministic and probabilistic methods to estimate the hazard index (HI) and total cancer risk (TCR) related to multi-pathway human exposure to PTEs in polluted rivers. Concentrations of Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn in surface water and sediment samples from rivers on the Ecuadorian Amazon were considered to assess the potential adverse human health effects. As a result, deterministic and probabilistic estimations of cancer and non-cancer risk through exposure to surface waters and sediments were above the safety limit. A sensitivity analysis identified the concentration of PTEs and the exposure duration (ED) as the two most important variables for probabilistic health risk assessment. The highest risk for receptors was related to exposure to polluted sediments through incidental ingestion and dermal contact routes. According to the deterministic estimation, the human health risk through ingestion of water was above the threshold in specific locations. This study reveals the potential health risk to which the population is exposed. This information can be used as a baseline to develop public strategies to reduce anthropogenic pollution and exposure to PTEs in Ecuadorian Amazon rivers.

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“…Industrial effluents and sewage are some of the factors responsible for increased metallic content in groundwater [ 21 ]. To observe the effect of these natural coagulants on fluoride and iron content, the Octa Aqua Test Kit (WT023) from HiMedia Pvt.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study to Investigate the Potential of Combined Extract of Leaves and Seeds of Moringa oleifera in Groundwater Purification

Alam

Pandey²,

Khan³

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Several parts of the Moringa oleifera plant have revealed incredible potential for water quality improvement. However, the purification potential of a combined leaf and seed extract of Moringa oleifera plants remains unexplored. To the best of our knowledge, this research would be the first to work towards exploiting the combined potential of a leaf and seed extract of the Moringa oleifera plant in the process of water purification. In this study, we investigated the combined effectiveness of the leaf and seed extract in the purification of groundwater. The jar test method was used to analyze the effectiveness of Moringa plant extract (in combination) on different quality parameters of groundwater. Treatment with the combined plant extract (seed and leaf) resulted in significant improvement of various physicochemical (hardness, pH, turbidity, Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), and metallic impurities) and biological parameters (E.coli count) over individual seed and leaf extracts in groundwater samples. Experimental findings have strongly shown the enhanced purification efficacy of the hexane extract of combined plant materials in comparison to the individual extracts, thereby providing us with a potent natural coagulant that could combat the side effects of chemical coagulants.

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Environmentally Sensitive Elements in Groundwater of an Industrial Town in India: Spatial Distribution and Human Health Risk

Cited by 27 publications

References 45 publications

Quality and Health Risk Assessment Associated with Water Consumption—A Case Study on Karstic Springs

Quality and Health Risk Assessment Associated with Water Consumption—A Case Study on Karstic Springs

Human Health Risk Assessment for Exposure to Potentially Toxic Elements in Polluted Rivers in the Ecuadorian Amazon

Study to Investigate the Potential of Combined Extract of Leaves and Seeds of Moringa oleifera in Groundwater Purification

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