Environmentally stable lead-free cesium bismuth iodide (Cs3Bi2I9) perovskite: Synthesis to solar cell application

Optical and Structural Property Tuning in Physical Vapor Deposited Bismuth Halides Cs3Bi2(I1–xBrx)9 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1)

“…Bismuth-based perovskite derivatives of general formula Cs 3 Bi 2 X 9 (X = Br, I) are attracting huge interest from several diverse communities due to their technological potential spanning from photocatalysis to photodetectors, organic synthesis, and photovoltaics. − …”

Band Matching Strategy for All-Inorganic Cs2AgBiBr6 Double Perovskite Solar Cells with High Photovoltage

“…On the other hand, the air-stable and environmentally friendly Bi-based perovskite is also attracting more and more attention. Trivalent Bi 3+ has a similar ionic radius to Pb 2+ and usually shows a low-dimensional A + 3 B 3+ 2 X 9 structure with high exciton binding energy and a low carrier transport rate, which leads to its extremely low photoelectric conversion efficiency. − In order to substitute Pb 2+ with environmentally friendly and stable Bi 3+ while maintaining a stable three-dimensional structure, the halogenated double perovskite structure A + 2 B 1 + B 2 3+ X 6 has been proposed, where monovalent B 1 + and trivalent B 2 3+ are used to replace two divalent Pb 2+ . , Recently, Cs 2 AgBiBr 6 double perovskite films have been successfully synthesized by a vacuum vapor deposition method and solution method, while also employed in solar cells. − Comparatively, a vacuum vapor deposition method can produce high-quality films with good repeatability without strict and cumbersome preparation conditions; therefore, it is more favorable for large-scale application. , …”

Phonon-Mediated Slow Hot Carrier Dynamics in Lead-Free Cs3Bi2I9 Perovskite Single Crystal

“…Among various lead-free materials, bismuth (Bi) (Bi 3+ have a 6s 2 lone pair, the same as Pb 2+ ) is promising as an alternative to lead because of similar effective ionic radius and electronegativity to lead. − Additionally, the all-inorganic lead-free perovskites are expected to offer improved stability and could tolerate a higher operating temperature and a harsh environment due to the absence of organic components. − In this manner, the all-inorganic, lead-free Cs 3 Bi 2 I 9 perovskite system has gained considerable attention in solar cells, photocatalysts, photodetectors, and X-ray detector applications. − The Cs 3 Bi 2 I 9 has zero-dimensional (0D) lattice connectivity, which results in the quantum confinement of charge carriers. Previously, our group demonstrated the structural properties, spin dynamics, hot carrier relaxation, and polaron mediated photoconductivity in the Cs 3 Bi 2 I 9 system. , Ghosh et al reported that one of the primary obstacles to achieving high efficiency in solar cells is the weak interaction between [Bi 2 I 9 ] 3– bioctahedra .…”