Environments influence the psychrophily of fungi and oomycetes in the cryosphere

Typhulaceae Jülich is one of the cold-adapted fungal families in basidiomycetes. The representative genera, Typhula (Pers.) Fr. and Pistillaria Fr., are distinguished by the discontinuity between stems and hymenia in the former and the continuity in the latter (Fries 1821). This taxonomic criterion is ambiguous, and consequently, the view of Karsten (1882) has been widely accepted: Typhula develops basidiomata from sclerotia, while basidiomata develop directly from substrata in Pistillaris. However, Corner (1970) observed basidiomata of Pistillaria petasitis S. Imai developing from sclerotia in Hokkaido, Japan. We later recognized that P. petasitis basidiomata also emerged directly from substrates on the ground in Hokkaido. An aberrant form of Typhula hyperborea H. Ekstr. was found in Upernavik, West Greenland. This specimen had a stem-like structure on a Poaceae plant, and sclerotia developed on its tip. Similar phenomena were found in other Typhula species in Japan. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the life cycle plasticity in the genera Typhula and Pistillaria through the interactions between their ecophysiological potential and environmental conditions in their localities. We collected and prepared strains of the above fungi from sclerotia or basidiomata, and we elucidated the taxonomical relationship and determined the physiological characteristics of our strains. Our findings imply that both Typhula and Pistillaria have the potential to produce sclerotia as well as the capacity for mycelial growth at ambient air temperatures in each locality where samples were collected. These findings suggest that Typhula spp. develope basidiomata not only from the sclerotia dispersed by the basidiospores but also from mycelia generated by the spore germination, which formed basidiomata multiple times, depending on their growth environments.

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“…The life cycles of cryophilic fungi are affected by environmental factors [ 8 ]. This group of fungi includes psychrophiles and psychrotolerants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This group of fungi includes psychrophiles and psychrotolerants. The psychrophily is defined by physiological characteristics at each stage of their life cycle [ 8 ]. Snow molds, representing cryophilic fungi, develop mycelia to attack dormant plants such as forage crops, winter cereals, and conifer seedlings under snow cover [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Cycle Plasticity in Typhula and Pistillaria in the Arctic and the Temperate Zone

et al. 2023

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Mycological records from ISAM 9, Kevo, Finland

2018

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Pink snow mold in winter cereal crops in Belarus and in the South of Russia

Zhukovskiy¹,

Krupenkо²,

Yakhnik

et al. 2020

BIO Web Conf.

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The article presents an analysis of the distribution and development of pink snow mold (pathogen Microdochium nivale (Fr.) Samuels & I.C. Hallett) on winter cereal crops in the Republic of Belarus and in the South of Russia. Pink snow mold is currently one of the most harmful diseases of winter cereal crops, as it can cause damage not only to various parts of the plants, but also lead to their complete death. The intensity of the disease development mainly depends on weather conditions in the autumn-spring period, namely, on the duration of snow cover, its height and the rate of melting in spring. We determined the dependence of the disease development progress on agroclimatic conditions. There is a description of weather conditions in combination with a gradation of the disease development level in the Republic of Belarus and in Krasnodar Krai (southern Russia) during the epiphytotic and depressive years of the pink snow mold development. The article provides a retrospective analysis of the crops infected with pink snow mold and the treated cereal crops in southern Russia in 2011 -2019.

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Environments influence the psychrophily of fungi and oomycetes in the cryosphere

Cited by 5 publications

References 20 publications

Life Cycle Plasticity in Typhula and Pistillaria in the Arctic and the Temperate Zone

Life Cycle Plasticity in Typhula and Pistillaria in the Arctic and the Temperate Zone

Mycological records from ISAM 9, Kevo, Finland

Pink snow mold in winter cereal crops in Belarus and in the South of Russia

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