Enzymatic activity induction of GST-family isoenzymes from pesticide mixture used in floriculture

Abstract

Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) comprise a number of genes that codify for a group of isoenzymes that participate in phase II xenobiotic detoxification by means of conjugation with glutathione, producing hydrosoluble compounds. It has been demonstrated that some pesticides are substrates for GST isoenzymes. Floriculture is one of the main economic activities in the municipalities of Villa Guerrero and Atlacomulco; pesticides, applied as mixtures, are intensively used in this activity. In this study, total GST enzymatic activity and glutathione S-transferases theta 1 (GSTT1) enzymatic activity were calculated for a group of floriculture workers exposed to pesticides and for an unexposed group. The former comprised 169 floriculture workers, while the latter, 96 students. The value of the median GST enzymatic activity in the exposed group was 0.560 and 0.169 μmol/min/mL in the unexposed individuals. GSTT1 activity was 1.234 μmol/min/mL in the exposed group and 0.221 μmol/min/mL in the unexposed group. Mann-Whitney U test showed a significant difference between these groups, for both total GST and GSTT1, p < 0.001. Our results show that exposure to pesticides increases the activities of total GST and GSTT1 enzymes.

Descripción de plaguicidas y equipo de protección usados en la floricultura en Santa Ana Iztlahuatzingo, Estado de México

“…Bad practices in the cultivation of flowers are common in the floricultural zone of the Estado de México and have been reported in previous investigations in which the lack of exclusive areas for cultivation, and the presence of crops and greenhouses in the central parts of towns and populated areas are mentioned (Ortiz et al, 2017;Mejia-Sanchez et al, 2017). This makes floriculturists and the open population susceptible to developing harmful effects on health, as a consequence of exposure to these toxic substances and the contamination of water, soil and air (Bolognesi, 2003;Hernández-Antonio & Hansen, 2011).…”

“…One of the main differences is the frequent application of pesticides, an activity that is carried out three times a week and throughout the year, increasing the exposure to these substances. (Mejia-Sanchez et al, 2017). Despite the existence of specific official regulations on the use of personal protective equipment for handling and application of pesticides (NOM, 1999), the actual practice in the horticultural and floricultural community of Santa Ana Ixtlahuatzingo is far from what is established in said regulations.…”

Metabolism Distribution and Effect of Thiamethoxam after Oral Exposure in Mongolian Racerunner (Eremias argus)

“…GST is a type of phase II isoenzyme that is involved in eliminating exogenous contaminants through the coupling of glutathione (GSH) and electrophilic substrates to generate soluble compounds . The substitutions of chlorine on thiazole and pyridine of neonicotinoids can be partially replaced by GSH, ultimately yielding the N -acetylcysteine and S-substituted cysteinyl and S -methyl derivatives. , It is reported that RNA interference with GST genes increases the susceptibility of insects to TMX .…”

Isolation and characterization of glutathione S-transferase genes and their transcripts in Saccharina japonica (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae) during development and under abiotic stress

“…The enzymatic activity of GST was detected with reference to the method of Mejia-Sanchez et al (2018) and adjusted according to the actual situation [ 61 ]. In brief, to test the optimal reaction temperature of recombinant enzymes, a total assay volume of 300 μL was used consisting of 10 μL 1-chloro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB, 60 mM), 10 μL glutathione (GSH, 60 mM), 10 μL recombinant enzyme, and 270 μL potassium phosphate buffer (0.1 M, pH = 7.0).…”