Enzymatic Activity of Loess Soil in Organic and Conventional Farming Systems

Kwiatkowski, Cezary A.; Harasim, Elżbieta; Feledyn-Szewczyk, Beata; Antonkiewicz, Jacek

doi:10.3390/agriculture10040135

Cited by 44 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…However, in the 30–40 cm layer, the increase might be due to a higher N content. Soil sucrase enzymes catalyze sucrase to glucose and fructose with hydrolysis, and it is also connected with the biomass of the soil microbes [ 47 , 48 ]. The mono-cropping of peanut had the highest sucrase enzyme activity, possibly due to a higher SOM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intercropping of Peanut–Tea Enhances Soil Enzymatic Activity and Soil Nutrient Status at Different Soil Profiles in Subtropical Southern China

Farooq

Kumar

et al. 2021

Plants

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Intercropping is one of the most widely used agroforestry techniques, reducing the harmful impacts of external inputs such as fertilizers. It also controls soil erosion, increases soil nutrients availability, and reduces weed growth. In this study, the intercropping of peanut (Arachishypogaea L.) was done with tea plants (Camellia oleifera), and it was compared with the mono-cropping of tea and peanut. Soil health and fertility were examined by analyzing the variability in soil enzymatic activity and soil nutrients availability at different soil depths (0–10 cm, 10–20 cm, 20–30 cm, and 30–40 cm). Results showed that the peanut–tea intercropping considerably impacted the soil organic carbon (SOC), soil nutrient availability, and soil enzymatic responses at different soil depths. The activity of protease, sucrase, and acid phosphatase was higher in intercropping, while the activity of urease and catalase was higher in peanut monoculture. In intercropping, total phosphorus (TP) was 14.2%, 34.2%, 77.7%, 61.9%; total potassium (TK) was 13.4%, 20%, 27.4%, 20%; available phosphorus (AP) was 52.9%, 26.56%, 61.1%; 146.15% and available potassium (AK) was 11.1%, 43.06%, 46.79% higher than the mono-cropping of tea in respective soil layers. Additionally, available nitrogen (AN) was 51.78%, 5.92%, and 15.32% lower in the 10–20 cm, 20–30 cm, and 30–40 cm layers of the intercropping system than in the mono-cropping system of peanut. Moreover, the soil enzymatic activity was significantly correlated with SOC and total nitrogen (TN) content across all soil depths and cropping systems. The depth and path analysis effect revealed that SOC directly affected sucrase, protease, urease, and catalase enzymes in an intercropping system. It was concluded that an increase in the soil enzymatic activity in the intercropping pattern improved the reaction rate at which organic matter decomposed and released nutrients into the soil environment. Enzyme activity in the decomposition process plays a vital role in forest soil morphology and function. For efficient land use in the cropping system, it is necessary to develop coherent agroforestry practices. The results in this study revealed that intercropping certainly enhance soil nutrients status and positively impacts soil conservation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intercropping of Peanut–Tea Enhances Soil Enzymatic Activity and Soil Nutrient Status at Different Soil Profiles in Subtropical Southern China

Farooq

Kumar

et al. 2021

Plants

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“…Soil enzymes are good indicator of soil health. These are considered as natural mediators and catalysts of several important soil processes such as process of decomposition of organic matter, soil humus formation, released of mineral nutrients to the soil and their supply to plants, fixation of molecular nitrogen and the flow of the chemical elements of the biochemical cycle 29 . The enhanced level of enzyme activities of the present study could be corroborated with the previous work of Yenn et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymatic defense of Cyperus brevifolius in hydrocarbons stress environment and changes in soil properties

Chakravarty

Deka

2021

Sci Rep

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Hydrocarbons or crude oil contamination of soil is still a burning problem around the globe. The herbs competent that are to survive in hydrocarbons contaminated habitats have some adaptive advantages to cope up with the adverse situations prevailing in that environment. In the present study, the adaptive response of Cyperus brevifolius in the heavily polluted soil with crude oil has been investigated in terms of survivability, changes in productivity, antioxidants, phytochemicals and functional group pro files of the plant species. Besides, changes in enzymes, beneficial bacterial population and physico-chemical conditions of contaminated soil were also studied during 60 days of experimental trials. The results showed significant enhancement in activities of soil dehydrogenase, urease, alkaline phosphatase, catalase, and amylase whereas reduction in cellulase, polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activities. There was a significant increase in nitrogen fixing, phosphate and potassium solubilizing bacterial population, improvement in physico-chemical conditions and a decrease in total oil and grease (TOG) levels. Besides there was significant variations in the productivity parameters and antioxidant profiles of Cyperus brevifolius in hydrocarbons stress condition suggesting enzymatic defense of the herb. The fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis indicated uptake and metabolism of some hydrocarbon components by the experimental plant from the hydrocarbons polluted soil.

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“…Indeed, soil microbial biomass has a key role in soil organic matter transformation and element cycling [20,21], and is involved in a wide range of metabolic processes that are mediated by several enzymatic activities [22]. Soil enzymatic activities are known to be sensitive and early indicators of changes in soil quality after land use change [16,[22][23][24] because they play a crucial role in numerous important soil processes, such as organic matter decomposition, molecular N fixation, and C, N, and other major nutrients' cycles [25][26][27]. Enzyme activities can also be used to calculate the soil enzyme ratios of C:N, C:phosphorous (P), and N:P acquisition activity, which are given by the natural logarithm of the enzyme activities involved in C, N, and P cycles, and are a measure of the enzymatic resources directed towards acquisition of organic P and N relative to C [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Response to Agricultural Land Abandonment: A Case Study of a Vineyard in Northern Italy

et al. 2021

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Agricultural land abandonment is an emerging problem in European Union (EU), and about 11% of agricultural EU land is at high risk of abandonment in the coming 10 years. Land abandonment may have both positive and negative effects in ecosystems. Due to the potential for land abandonment to increase soil fertility, the study of vegetation succession effects on soil quality is of great importance. In this study, we investigated an abandoned vineyard where, after a period of 30 years, rows and alleys were characterized by two different forms of vegetation succession: natural recolonization by trees along the rows and by herbaceous vegetation in the alleys. No-tilled alleys covered by herbaceous vegetation of a neighboring conventionally cultivated vineyard were used as a comparison. Soil samples were chemically characterized (pH, extractable element, and available and total metals), and analyzed for the determination of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pools; hydrolytic and phenol oxidizing (PO) enzyme activities involved in C, N, and phosphorus (P) cycles; and the enzyme ratios. Results highlighted that natural recolonization by trees increased the organic C and N soil pools by 58% and 34%, respectively, compared to the natural recolonization by herbaceous vegetation. Moreover, natural recolonization by trees reduced β-glucosidase by 79%, urease by 100%, alkaline phosphastase by 98%, acid phosphatase specific hydrolytic activities by 50%, and catechol oxidase and laccase specific oxidative activities by 127% and 119%, respectively, compared to the renaturalization by herbaceous vegetation. In addition, the natural recolonization by trees reduced the C (βglu):C (PO) enzymes ratio by 16% compared to that of the conventional vineyard. Comparing the natural recolonization by herbaceous vegetation with that of the conventional vineyard revealed little significant difference (15% of the measured and calculated parameters); in particular, PO activities significantly decreased in the renaturalized vineyard with herbaceous vegetation by 49% (catechol oxidase) and 52% (laccase), and the C (βglu):C (PO) enzyme ratio showed a reduction (−11%) in the vineyard naturally recolonized by herbaceous vegetation compared to the conventional vineyard. This highlights that the type of vegetation succession that takes place after land abandonment may have a significant impact in terms of soil fertility and C accrual potential. These results help to focus attention on the practices used in agro-forestry that should be adopted in abandoned agro-ecosystems to increase their biodiversity, soil C stock, and soil quality, because these indicators are affected by the type of vegetative coverage.

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Enzymatic Activity of Loess Soil in Organic and Conventional Farming Systems

Cited by 44 publications

References 48 publications

Intercropping of Peanut–Tea Enhances Soil Enzymatic Activity and Soil Nutrient Status at Different Soil Profiles in Subtropical Southern China

Intercropping of Peanut–Tea Enhances Soil Enzymatic Activity and Soil Nutrient Status at Different Soil Profiles in Subtropical Southern China

Enzymatic defense of Cyperus brevifolius in hydrocarbons stress environment and changes in soil properties

Soil Response to Agricultural Land Abandonment: A Case Study of a Vineyard in Northern Italy

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