Enzymatic and Non Enzymatic Antioxidant Activity of Tabernaemontana divaricate R.Br. Against DEN and Fe-NTA Induced Renal Damage in Wistar Albino Rats

Abstract

Plant derived drugs have been a part of the evolution of human healthcare for thousands of years. The present study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant potential of ethanolic extract of Tabernaemontana divaricata on DEN initiated and Fe-NTA promoted renal damage in rats. Fe-NTA was induced after 10 days of DEN (200mg/kg body weight) initiation at a dose level of 9mg Fe-NTA/kg body weight twice a week for one month. The biochemical parameters were analyzed in serum and the antioxidant assays were carried out in kidney. Lipid peroxidation level was increased due to the administration of Fe-NTA, which caused the reduction of enzymatic antioxidant such as SOD, GPx, Catalase, G6PD, and also the non-enzymatic antioxidants vitamin C and GSH. The levels of urea, uric acid, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen were increased and protein level decreased on Fe-NTA intoxication. The secondary metabolites present in the plant increased the synthesis of antioxidant enzymes and its free radical scavenging properties helped to scavenge all free radicals thereby decreasing lipid peroxidation. Thus, the present study indicates that the plant may clinically valuable agent in the prevention of renal failure caused by DEN and Fe-NTA intoxication.

Nephroprotective effect of green tea, rosmarinic acid and rosemary on N-diethylnitrosamine initiated and ferric nitrilotriacetate promoted acute renal toxicity in Wistar rats

“…Nephrotoxicity is one of the most common issues that occurs upon exposure to toxins or medications (Sundaram et al 2015). Oxidative stress plays a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of nephrotoxicity and tumorigenesis caused by DEN and Fe-NTA (Rashid et al, 2013).…”

“…The elevation of uric acid level in DEN+Fe-NTA treated group is an indicator of its increase in joints and various tissues. Such elevation gradually leads to permanent damage of tissue and acute inflammation (Mohamed & Al-Okbi, 2008;Sundaram et al, 2015). Caffeic acid, one of phenolic phytochemical constituents of RE that have anti-gout activity, has been reported to be an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase which catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and finally to uric acid.…”

“…Renal toxicity is one of the most common problems that occur to the body upon exposure to a drug or a toxin. Free radicals are considered a potent factor for mediating oxidative damage and tissue impairments (Sundaram et al, 2015). About 20% of nephrotoxicity is induced by medications, but for the elderly the nephrotoxicity incidence increases up to 66% because of the longer average life span.…”

“…Ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA) is another potent hepato-and nephrotoxic agent. It has been used both in developing and developed countries as an alternative of polyphosphates in detergents for hospital and household use (Sundaram et al, 2015). Nitrilotriacetic acid is also widely used in the treatment of boiler water to prevent mineral accumulation, in photography, paper, textile manufacture, cellulose production, cleaning operations and metal plating (Khan et al, 2004).…”

“…It decreases the antioxidant content and induces oxidative stress (Kaur et al, 2010). Fe-NTA is obtained when nitrilotriacetic acid reacts with iron at neutral pH forming a chelate complex which is soluble in water (Sundaram et al, 2015). A single dose of Fe-NTA from 5 to 15 mg iron per kg body weight can induce acute nephrotoxicity, while repeated doses of Fe-NTA for 10-12 days of either 1 or 2 mg iron per kg body weight can induce sub-acute nephrotoxicity (Gupta et al, 2007).…”