Enzymatic catalyzed palm oil hydrolysis under ultrasound irradiation: Diacylglycerol synthesis

Abstract

Diacylglycerol (DAG) rich oils have an organoleptic property like that of regular edible oils, but these oils do not tend to be accumulated as fat. Palm oil ranks first in the world in terms of edible oil production owing to its low cost. The aim of this study was to propose a new methodology to produce diacylglycerol by hydrolysis of palm oil using Lipozyme RM IM commercial lipase as a catalyst under ultrasound irradiation. The reactions were carried out at 55 °C with two different methods. First, the reaction system was exposed to ultrasonic waves for the whole reaction time, which led to enzymatic inactivation and water evaporation. Ultrasound was then used to promote emulsification of the water/oil system before the hydrolysis reaction, avoiding contact between the probe and the enzymes. An experimental design was used to optimize the ultrasound-related parameters and maximize the hydrolysis rate, and in these conditions, with a change in equilibrium, DAG production was evaluated. Better reaction conditions were achieved for the second method: 11.20 wt.% (water+oil mass) water content, 1.36 wt.% (water+oil mass) enzyme load, 12 h of reaction time, 1.2 min and 200 W of exposure to ultrasound. In these conditions diacylglycerol yield was 34.17 wt.%.

Lipase-catalyzed ethanolysis of Jatropha curcas L. oil assisted by ultrasonication

“…Many interesting works using ultrasound to enhance biodiesel conversion with reaction catalyzed by enzymes are described in the literature (Waghmare et al, 2015;Lerin et al, 2014;Awadallak et al, 2013;Batistella et al, 2012;Fiametti et al, 2012;Kumar et al, 2011). However, we have not found reports that describe the ethanolysis of Jatropha curcas oil under ultrasound irradiation.…”

HIDRÓLISE ASSISTIDA POR ULTRASSOM DO ÓLEO DE CRAMBE (Crambe abyssinica) EM MEIO LIVRE DE SOLVENTE ORGÂNICO

“…Feiten et al (2014) relatam que a temperatura de 65 ºC é a ótima para utilização da enzima Lipozyme® TL IM, no entanto, neste trabalho melhor rendimento foram obtidos na temperatura de 45 ºC. Awadallak et al (2013) reportam que a utilização do ultrassom leva a evaporação da água disponível no meio reacional. Desta forma, acredita-se que o aumento da temperatura eleve as taxas de evaporação de água, ocasionando o decréscimo no teor de AGLs.…”

AVALIAÇÃO DO EFEITO DA TEMPERATURA E DO pH NA HIDRÓLISE ENZIMÁTICA DO ÓLEO DE CRAMBE

“…Em 70°C a baixa conversão é, provavelmente, acarretada pela desnaturação da enzima Lipozyme RM IM. Awadallak et al, (2013) estudou a hidrólise enzimática do óleo de palma a partir da enzima comercial Lipozyme RM IM. Os experimentos requeriam 15g de óleo de palma, 1,5g de água e uma quantidade de enzima de 1,36% da massa total água/óleo, que eram inseridas no reator e conduzidas a 55°C por 24 horas resultando em 40% de acidez final, enquanto que no presente trabalho obteve-se, em 28°C, uma conversão final de 64,16% num intervalo de tempo de 30 horas.…”

“…O crambe pertence à família das crucíferas, originária da Etiópia na região de transição entre temperada e quente (Falasca et al, 2010) sendo resistente à más condições climáticas. No Brasil, o crambe é tolerante ao déficit hídrico, ao clima rústico e pode ser plantado no período de safrinha, ou seja, no inverno (Colodetti et al, 2012).…”