Enzymatic Conversion of Hydrolysis Lignin—A Potential Biorefinery Approach

Abstract

Lignin is an abundant and renewable source capable of replacing different raw materials in the chemical industry. It can be obtained from lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) via different pretreatment methods. In the present study, hydrolysis lignin (HL) from the SunburstTM pretreatment technology was utilized to investigate its enzymatic conversion. At first, soluble HL fractions were obtained via alkali solubilization followed by acid precipitation, referred to as acid precipitated lignin (APL). Furthermore, the APL was tested with three different bacterial laccases to identify the optimal conditions for its conversion into small molecular weight fractions. Among the tested laccases, Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) (ScLac) displayed the highest rate of APL conversion with a high lignin dosage and under extremely alkaline conditions, i.e., 50 g/L in 0.25 M NaOH solution, resulting in higher molecular weight fractions. The increase in the molecular weight and quantitative linkages before and after the enzymatic oxidation of the APL were characterized by size exclusion chromatography (SEC), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and two-dimensional heteronuclear single quantum correlation nuclear magnetic resonance (2D HSQC NMR) methods.

Sonochemical oxidation of technical lignin to obtain nanoparticles with enhanced functionality

“…14 Different transition-metal complexes were used to catalyze the process, 15 or alternative solvents like protic ionic liquids 16,17 were employed. Alternatively, hydrothermal oxidation, 18 enzymatic depolymerization, 19,20 and functionalization 21,22 procedures have been carried out. The most common products obtained by these processes are the low molecular weight phenolic compounds (LMWPC), such as phenolic aldehydes, ketones, and acids.…”