Enzymatic decolourization of water using loofa sponge as cellular carrier: Immobilization and dye degradation performance

Abstract

In recent years, strong efforts have been made to develop sustainable biocatalytic decolourization processes for dye‐polluted water. In particular, dye‐oxidizing laccase enzymes immobilized on suitable carriers are promising candidates, and can be reused as long as the activity is sufficiently high. In this work, we propose, for the first time, a new methodology to immobilize laccase from Trametes hirsute on a naturally‐grown and decomposable cellular loofa sponge carrier and assess the capability to degrade dye‐polluted water. High immobilization activity is achieved and about 70 % residual activity remains after 8 cycles. Additionally, we determined homogenous and heterogeneous kinetic parameters for free and immobilized enzymes. The results reveal a four times higher Michaelis‐Menten constant of the laccase immobilized on the loofa due to mass transfer and mixing limitations in a packed bed bio‐reactor. The response surface methodology was applied to identify favourable operating conditions. In particular, dye concentration and treatment time determine the decolourization performance, while mixing velocity has only a minor effect. Eventually, the results demonstrated a remarkable dye removal capability with shorter treatment time compared to the previous studies on immobilized laccase reported in the literature.

Thermo‐responsive macroporous p(NIPAM) cryogel affords enhanced thermal stability and activity for ɑ‐glucosidase enzyme by entrapping in situ

“…[ 7–10 ] It has been reported that various matrices such as synthetic, organic, and biological polymers can be used as support materials for enzyme immobilization. [ 11–17 ] Materials recommended as support in many instances are not suitable for industrial processing procedures due to their low mechanical strength, unsuitable chemical functionality, and inappropriate physical conditions. [ 18–21 ]…”

“…[7][8][9][10] It has been reported that various matrices such as synthetic, organic, and biological polymers can be used as support materials for enzyme immobilization. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Materials recommended as support in many instances are not suitable for industrial processing procedures due to their low mechanical strength, unsuitable chemical functionality, and inappropriate physical conditions. [18][19][20][21] Three-dimensional (3-D) polymeric matrices with nano-, micro-, and macropore structures are desirable in many biomedical applications, including catalysis, drug delivery, and protection of proteins, enzymes, DNA, and other biomacromolecules.…”

Process optimization for effective bio‐decolourization of methyl orange by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 23N1 using chemometric methodology

“…Untreated or partially treated industrial wastewater contaminates bodies of water with toxic pollutants and these cause a serious threat to the ecosystem. The xenobiotic organic pollutants such as dyes and pigments are frequently found in the wastewater generated from dye processing industries . Since the dyes are intended to be used as colourant due to their bright colours, excellent colour fastness properties, and easy applicability.…”

Issue Highlights

“…Finally, decolourization tests were performed to investigate the system's ability to degrade the dye and the response surface methodology (CCS‐RSM) was applied to optimize the operation condition to a maximum dye removal. The results revealed that the loofaenzyme biocatalysis is a very efficient method for dye removal at a comparably low reaction time …”