Enzymatic deconstruction of plant biomass by fungal enzymes

Kubicek, Christian P.; Kubicek, Eva M.

doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.08.028

Cited by 76 publications

(61 citation statements)

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“…We, therefore, specifically selected genomes of plant biomass degrading fungi that contain at least ten genes encoding known cellulose-degrading enzymes per fungus and found again a similar correlation between genes encoding AA9 LPMOs, Ab PPOs, and Mt PPO7s (Fig. 7) [32, 49]. In contrast to Mt PPO7s, genes encoding Ab PPOs showed a weak correlation with AA9 LPMOs in Ascomycota and Basidiomycota (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Boosting LPMO-driven lignocellulose degradation by polyphenol oxidase-activated lignin building blocks

Frommhagen

Mutte

Westphal

et al. 2017

Biotechnol Biofuels

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BackgroundMany fungi boost the deconstruction of lignocellulosic plant biomass via oxidation using lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs). The application of LPMOs is expected to contribute to ecologically friendly conversion of biomass into fuels and chemicals. Moreover, applications of LPMO-modified cellulose-based products may be envisaged within the food or material industry.ResultsHere, we show an up to 75-fold improvement in LPMO-driven cellulose degradation using polyphenol oxidase-activated lignin building blocks. This concerted enzymatic process involves the initial conversion of monophenols into diphenols by the polyphenol oxidase MtPPO7 from Myceliophthora thermophila C1 and the subsequent oxidation of cellulose by MtLPMO9B. Interestingly, MtPPO7 shows preference towards lignin-derived methoxylated monophenols. Sequence analysis of genomes of 336 Ascomycota and 208 Basidiomycota reveals a high correlation between MtPPO7 and AA9 LPMO genes.ConclusionsThe activity towards methoxylated phenolic compounds distinguishes MtPPO7 from well-known PPOs, such as tyrosinases, and ensures that MtPPO7 is an excellent redox partner of LPMOs. The correlation between MtPPO7 and AA9 LPMO genes is indicative for the importance of the coupled action of different monooxygenases in the concerted degradation of lignocellulosic biomass. These results will contribute to a better understanding in both lignin deconstruction and enzymatic lignocellulose oxidation and potentially improve the exploration of eco-friendly routes for biomass utilization in a circular economy.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13068-017-0810-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Boosting LPMO-driven lignocellulose degradation by polyphenol oxidase-activated lignin building blocks

Frommhagen

Mutte

Westphal

et al. 2017

Biotechnol Biofuels

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“…Moreover, swollenin ( swo1 , 104220) and cip1 (121449), which also have role in biomass degradation [84, 85], showed high RPKM values and log 2 (fold change) in T. reesei (Additional file 20), especially after 24 h of growth. The high expression of these genes was also validated by RT-qPCR (Additional file 9).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was demonstrated that swollenin can disrupt the cellulose structure by cleaving hydrogen bonds between the lignocellulose polysaccharides [86]. Swo1 displays endoglucanase activity being able to hydrolyze β-1,4 linkages in β-glucan and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) [85]. It is not yet clear what the Cip1 function is, but this protein has a secretion signal and a CBM1 domain [87].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals different strategies for degradation of steam-exploded sugarcane bagasse by Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma reesei

et al. 2017

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BackgroundSecond generation (2G) ethanol is produced by breaking down lignocellulosic biomass into fermentable sugars. In Brazil, sugarcane bagasse has been proposed as the lignocellulosic residue for this biofuel production. The enzymatic cocktails for the degradation of biomass-derived polysaccharides are mostly produced by fungi, such as Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma reesei. However, it is not yet fully understood how these microorganisms degrade plant biomass. In order to identify transcriptomic changes during steam-exploded bagasse (SEB) breakdown, we conducted a RNA-seq comparative transcriptome profiling of both fungi growing on SEB as carbon source.ResultsParticular attention was focused on CAZymes, sugar transporters, transcription factors (TFs) and other proteins related to lignocellulose degradation. Although genes coding for the main enzymes involved in biomass deconstruction were expressed by both fungal strains since the beginning of the growth in SEB, significant differences were found in their expression profiles. The expression of these enzymes is mainly regulated at the transcription level, and A. niger and T. reesei also showed differences in TFs content and in their expression. Several sugar transporters that were induced in both fungal strains could be new players on biomass degradation besides their role in sugar uptake. Interestingly, our findings revealed that in both strains several genes that code for proteins of unknown function and pro-oxidant, antioxidant, and detoxification enzymes were induced during growth in SEB as carbon source, but their specific roles on lignocellulose degradation remain to be elucidated.ConclusionsThis is the first report of a time-course experiment monitoring the degradation of pretreated bagasse by two important fungi using the RNA-seq technology. It was possible to identify a set of genes that might be applied in several biotechnology fields. The data suggest that these two microorganisms employ different strategies for biomass breakdown. This knowledge can be exploited for the rational design of enzymatic cocktails and 2G ethanol production improvement.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3857-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Cell‐wall‐degrading enzymes, such as glycoside hydrolases, are essential for various industrial applications, such as the conversion of plant biomass into fuels and chemicals, and are responsible for the microbial digestion of plant glycans in the human gut . Glycoside hydrolases are also important research tools for analyzing the molecular structure of plant cell‐wall polysaccharides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automated Glycan Assembly of Plant Oligosaccharides and Their Application in Cell‐Wall Biology

Bartetzko

Pfrengle

2019

ChemBioChem

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The plant cell wall provides the richest available resource of fermentable carbohydrates and biobased materials. The main component of plant cell walls is cellulose, which is the most abundant biomolecule on earth. Apart from cellulose, which is constructed from relatively simple β‐1,4‐glucan chains, plant cell walls also contain structurally more complex heteropolysaccharides (hemicellulose and pectin), as well as lignin and cell‐wall proteins. A detailed understanding of the molecular structures, functions, and biosyntheses of cell‐wall components is required to further promote their industrial use. Plant cell‐wall research is, to a large degree, hampered by a lsack of available well‐defined oligosaccharide samples that represent the structural features of cell‐wall glycans. One technique to access these oligosaccharides is automated glycan assembly; a technique in which monosaccharide building blocks are, similarly to automated peptide and oligonucleotide chemistry, successively added to a linker‐functionalized resin in a fully automated manner. Herein, recent research into the automated glycan assembly of different classes of cell‐wall glycans used as molecular tools for cell‐wall biology is discussed. More than 60 synthetic oligosaccharides were prepared and printed as microarrays for screening monoclonal antibodies that recognize plant cell‐wall polysaccharides. The synthesized oligosaccharides have also been used to investigate glycosyltransferases and glycoside hydrolases, which are involved in synthesis and degradation of plant cell walls, as well as for the analysis of cell‐wall‐remodeling enzymes.

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Enzymatic deconstruction of plant biomass by fungal enzymes

Cited by 76 publications

References 50 publications

Boosting LPMO-driven lignocellulose degradation by polyphenol oxidase-activated lignin building blocks

Boosting LPMO-driven lignocellulose degradation by polyphenol oxidase-activated lignin building blocks

Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals different strategies for degradation of steam-exploded sugarcane bagasse by Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma reesei

Automated Glycan Assembly of Plant Oligosaccharides and Their Application in Cell‐Wall Biology

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