Enzymatic difference between laticifers and cultured cells of papaya

Yamamoto, Haruhiko; Tanaka, Shigeo; Fukui, Hiroshi; Tabata, Minoru

doi:10.1007/bf00269819

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Yamamoto & Tabata (1989) also used 2,4-D for inducing papaya hypocotyl somatic embryos. Explants 1.0-cm long of unspecified age were cultured on Linsmaier & Skoog (1965) medium containing 10 IxM 2,4-D (Yamamoto et al 1986) and produced pale yellow, friable embryogenic calluses when 2,4-D concentration was lowered to 0.1 I~M and 1.0 i, tM kinetin was used (Yamamoto & Tabata 1989). Plants were not regenerated because the work focused on laticifer development in papaya somatic embryos.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High frequency somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from papaya hypocotyl callus

Fitch

1993

Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult

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High frequency somatic embryogenesis in papaya (Carica papaya L.) tissue cultures was achieved by culturing hypocotyl sections from ten-day-old seedlings on half-strength Murashige and Skoog salts (MS) medium containing modified MS vitamins, 2.3 to 112.5 IxM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 400mgl -~ glutamine, and 6% sucrose. Four hermaphroditic Hawaiian cultivars produced embryogenic calluses after ten to 14 weeks of culture at 27°C in the dark. Efficiency in embryogenic response of genotypes differed, 'Kapoho'>'Sunset'>'Sunrise' >'Waimanalo'. The frequency of embryogenesis in induction medium containing 4.5 txM 2,4-D was lowest with 3% sucrose and highest with 7% sucrose. Somatic embryos developed directly from embryogenic calluses on induction medium, or, more often, they differentiated from calluses subcultured on a medium devoid of growth regulators. Between 50 and 500 embryos were produced from each 2-ram hypocotyl section after at least two months on induction medium and two months on maturation medium. Embryos subsequently developed into normal-looking plants on MS medium. Shoot cuttings from germinated embryos and micropropagated plants were rooted with 5.0 IxM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), grown in the greenhouse, and transferred to the field.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High frequency somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from papaya hypocotyl callus

Fitch

1993

Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult

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“…Seedlings grown in vitro represent a particularly convenient source of explants for somatic embryo induction (Yie and Liaw 1977;Mehdi and Hogan 1979;Yamamoto et al 1986;Chen et al 1987;Chen 1988a,b;Yamamoto and Tabata 1989), although greenhouse-grown seedlings have also been cultured following decontamination (Jordan et al 1982). Seeds were germinated aseptically on media, sterile wet filter papers, or water agar.…”

Section: Somatic Embryogenesis From Seedling Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Somatic Embryogenesis in Papaya (Carica papaya L.)

Fitch

1995

Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry

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Papaya belongs to the Caricaceae, a family of dicotyledonous, tree-like plants that is made up of four genera, three of which, Carica, Jacaratia, and Jarilla are native to tropical America, while Cylicomorpha is native to Africa (Badillo 1967(Badillo , 1971. The genus Carica consists of about 21 species, but only C. papaya is of economic importance (Litz 1986a). The ripe fruits of other species are edible, for example, C. pubescens Lenne et Koch ("candamarcensis"), C. monoica Desf., C. erythrocarpa Heilborn., C. x heilbornii nm pentagona (babaco), C. quercifolia St. Hil (Heiron.), and C. goudotiana Solms-Lauback, but they are more often consumed in preserves (Purseglove 1968; Jordan et a1. 1982;Litz 1984).The center of origin of papayas is believed to be southern Mexico or Central America, and it appears to be a highly domesticated crop because no wild papayas have been found (Purseglove 1968). The worldwide distribution of papayas is likely due to the ease with which its numerous seeds can be transported.Papayas are among the fastest growing fruit trees with flowers produced as early as 4 months after germination from seed. The annual production rate of papaya worldwide is 4.43 million metric tons (F AO 1990). More than half of the crop is grown in South America and about one-fourth is grown in Asia.Ripe papayas are rich in vitamins A and C (Arriola et a1. 1980). The enzyme papain is produced in laticifers that are found throughout the plant, but the richest source of papain is the mature green fruit (Thomas and Beckley 1923). Papain content decreases as the fruit matures. Fresh fruit as well as papain, the basic component of meat tenderizer (Poulter and Caygill 1985), are the major products, while pulp as a juice additive and for preserves and condiments has some economic importance (Chan and Cavaletto 1982).

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“…The activity decreased to 15% to 30% of the initial level 24 h to 96 h after subculture of the cells. In contrast, Yamamoto et al (1986) measured amidase activity (units per gram of fresh weight) in suspension cell cultures of Carica papaya and found that the activity increased gradually during the exponential growth stage, followed by a sharp increase during the early linear growth stage to reach its maximum in the middle of linear growth. The activity decreased rapidly after the early stationary phase to a very low level.…”

Section: Avp Peptide Is Unstable In N Plumbaginifolia Cultures But Dmentioning

confidence: 91%