Enzymatic Electrosynthesis of Glycine from CO₂ and NH₃

Abstract

Enzymatic electrosynthesis has gained more and more interest as an emerging green synthesis platform, particularly for the fixation of CO2. However, the simultaneous utilization of CO2 and a nitrogenous molecule for the enzymatic electrosynthesis of value‐added products has never been reported. In this study, we constructed an in vitro multienzymatic cascade based on the reductive glycine pathway and demonstrated an enzymatic electrocatalytic system that allowed the simultaneous conversion of CO2 and NH3 as the sole carbon and nitrogen sources to synthesize glycine. Through effective coupling and the optimization of electrochemical cofactor regeneration and the multienzymatic cascade reaction, 0.81 mM glycine was yielded with a highest reaction rate of 8.69 mg L−1 h−1 and faradaic efficiency of 96.8 %. These results imply a promising alternative for enzymatic CO2 electroreduction and expand its products to nitrogenous chemicals.

Exploring the Feasibility of Cell-Free Synthesis as a Platform for Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) Production: Opportunities and Challenges

“…For instance, the cost of NADH is approximately $260 g −1 [111]. To enhance economic feasibility, researchers are striving to regenerate and reuse cofactors [112,113] or reduce the use of expensive ones [114][115][116][117]. Artificial analogs can substitute for expensive cofactors [118] and can be designed to be more stable than their natural counterparts while still being recognized by enzymes.…”

De Novo Multienzyme Synthetic Pathways for Lactic Acid Production

“…However, the product spectrum can be very limited, possibly due to (1) unfavorable growth conditions for the organisms in the presence of toxic intermediates; (2) incompatibility of the C1 assimilation pathway with the host central metabolic pathways; and (3) inefficient cofactor cycling . To circumvent these drawbacks, cell-free biomanufacturing is emerging for the direct monitoring and control of reaction processes and reduced accumulation of byproducts. , Many in vitro artificial C1 assimilation pathways have been successfully developed for the biosynthesis of sugars, , organic acids, − and amino acids. − Inspired by these achievements, we wondered whether other value-added chemical pathways could be designed for the cell-free assimilation of C1 compounds.…”

Unlocking the formate utilization of wild‐type Yarrowia lipolytica through adaptive laboratory evolution

“…[21][22][23][24][25] In recent years, the heterologous reduced glycine pathway has been extensively validated both in vivo [22] and in vitro. [26] However, exploration of formate-utilizing strains significantly lags behind that of methanol-nutrient strains, with formate chassis being comparatively less explored and developed.…”