Enzymatic esterification of flavonoids with unsaturated fatty acids: Effect of the novel esters on vascular endothelial growth factor release from K562 cells

Enzyme-Mediated Preparation of Flavonoid Esters and Their Applications

“…which is preferred due to its acceptance of a wide range of substrates, good catalytic activity and a high degree of regioselectivity Katsoura et al, 2006Katsoura et al, , 2007Ghoul et al, 2006;Mellou et al, 2005Mellou et al, , 2006Stevenson et al, 2006;Ardhaoui et al, 2004aArdhaoui et al, , 2004bArdhaoui et al, , 2004cPassicos et al, 2004;Moussou et al, 2004;Gayot et al, 2003;Ishihara et al, 2002;Kontogianni et al, 2001Kontogianni et al, , 2003Nakajima et al, 1999Nakajima et al, , 2003Gao et al, 2001;Otto et al, 2001;Danieli et al, 1997).…”

“…2-Methylbutan-2-ol Ghoul et al, 2006;Ardhaoui et al, 2004aArdhaoui et al, , 2004bArdhaoui et al, , 2004cPassicos et al, 2004;Gayot et al, 2003Acetone Ghoul et al, 2006Mellou et al, 2005Mellou et al, , 2006Kontogianni et al, 2001Kontogianni et al, , 2003Ishihara et al, 2002Nakajima et al, 1999Nakajima et al, , 2003Danieli et al, 1997Acetonitrile Ghoul et al, 2006Nakajima et al, 1997Nakajima et al, , 1999 2-Methylpropan-2-ol Ghoul et al, 2006;Stevenson et al, 2006;Mellou et al, 2005;Moussou et al, 2004;Kontogianni et al, 2001Kontogianni et al, , 2003Otto et al, 2001Dioxane Ghoul et al, 2006Danieli et al, 1997Pyridine Danieli et al, 1990THF, DMSO, DMF Kontogianni et al, 2001, 2003Danieli et al, 1997 Binaric mixtures of solvents Ghoul et al, 2006;Gao et al, 2001;Nakajima et al, 1999;Danieli et al, 1997 Table 2. Organic solvents used in flavonoid acylation.…”

“…Many acylating agents have been tested in flavonoid esterification, such as aromatic or aliphatic organic acids, substituted or not (Tab.3). Special attention was attributed to fatty acid ester production (Katsoura et al, 2006;Mellou et al, 2005Mellou et al, , 2006Ardhaoui et al, 2004aArdhaoui et al, , 2004bArdhaoui et al, , 2004cEnaud et al, 2004;Gayot et al, 2003;Kontogianni et al, 2003). This approach enables to improve flavonoid solubility and stability in lipophilic systems.…”

“…Many authors have tried to determine the optimal molar ratio of flavonoid/acyl donor in order to achieve the highest possible yields. The molar ratios 1:1 to 1:15 (acyl acceptor/acyl donor) have been investigated, whereas the majority agreed on the ratio 1:5 to be the most suitable for the best reaction performance (Mellou et al, 2006;Gayot et al, 2003;Ishihara et al, 2002;Kontogianni et al, 2001). A better solution is offered by the use of special acyl donors which ensure a more or less irreversible reaction.…”

“…Selectively acylated flavonoids with different aliphatic or aromatic acids may not only improve physicochemical properties of these molecules but also introduce various beneficial properqties to the maternal compound. These include penetration through the cell membrane (Suda et al, 2002;Kodelia et al, 1994) enhanced antioxidant activity Katsoura et al, 2006;Mellou et al, 2005), antimicrobial (Mellou et al, 2005), anti-proliferative (Mellou et al, 2006) and cytogenic (Kodelia et al, 1994) effect and improvement of thermostability and light-resistivity of certain flavonoids.…”