Enzymatic events during cartilage differentiation in the chick embryonic limb bud

Medoff, Judith

doi:10.1016/0012-1606(67)90020-6

Cited by 63 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 25 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In support of this concept are the in vivo observations that preinduced, undifferentiated mesodermal cells express enzymatic activities characteristic of cartilage (36,37). In addition, during the differentiation of the L6 cells there are quantitative increases in electrical excitability, several enzymes, and myosin heavy chain synthesis (3)(4)(5).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Phenotypic transformation of clonal myogenic cells to cells resembling chondrocytes.

Schubert¹,

Lacorbière²

1976

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The nicotinamide analogue 6-aminonicotinamide and dibutyryl 3':5'-cAMP inhibit myogenesis in a clonal rat cell line from skeletal muscle. Both reagents produce a similar morphological response in the cells, and stimulate collagen and glycosaminoglycan synthesis. These data suggest that 6-aminonicotinamide and dibutyryl cAMP induce a phenotypic transformation of myogenic ceNls to cells that share many characteristics with chondrocytes. Clonal skeletal muscle myogenic cell lines divide as mononucleate cells and fuse to form multinucleate myotubes when the cells become confluent (1). Clonal analysis has demonstrated that all of the cells within a clone can form myotubes (1). The following events are temporally associated with myotube formation: (i) increases in the specific activities of myokinase and creatine kinase (2), (ii) an increase in the rate of myosin heavy chain synthesis (3), (iii) the appearance of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (4), and (iv) a well-defined sequence of electrophysiological development (4, 5). In addition, myotubes are capable of localizing acetylcholine sensitivity to the point of nerve contact (6) and receiving functional synaptic input from spinal cord neurons (7).In contrast to the unique developmental pathway displayed by the myogenic cell cultures, mesenchymal cells in, for example, chick limb buds are capable of differentiating into either chondrocytes or muscle; at later stages of development they are able to give rise to only one cell type (8). The phenotype expressed by embryonic chick mesodermal cells can also be influenced by reagents that alter their intermediary metabolism. For example, nicotinamide analogues such as 3-acetylpyridine (3AP) and 6-aminonicotinamide (6AN) specifically alter the sequence of mesodermal differentiation in chick embryos (9). These in vivo experiments have been extended to a chick cell culture system, where 3AP and 6AN potentiate some aspects of the chondrocytic phenotype in limb bud mesoderm (10, 11). Both in vvo and in vitro, nicotinamide (NA) relieves the teratogenic effects of SAP and 6AN. These observations, along with the fact that NAD+ levels increase during myogenesis (12), support the hypothesis that niacin metabolism may have a regulatory role in the differentiation of mesodermal cells (9, 10). In addition, an involvement of cyclic nucleotides in mesodermal differentiation has been proposed (13, 14). Here we ask whether or not the phenotype of a cell line that is normally myogenic can be changed by altering the NAD+ and cyclic nucleotide metabolism of the cell. Assuming that a chondrocyte is the mesodermally derived cell that synthesizes the majority of the principal cartilage components, collagen and the glycosaminoglycans (15)

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Phenotypic transformation of clonal myogenic cells to cells resembling chondrocytes.

Schubert¹,

Lacorbière²

1976

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Meanwhile a heavy mRNA that was previously masked is found associated with polysomes in ever larger amounts (Dym et al, 1979). Chondroitin sulphate has also been found in the presumptive area of the limb bud, prior to its emergence (Medoff, 1967;Searls, 1956) and in the early somite (Lash, 1968). In vitro its synthesis as assessed by the incorporation of radioactive sulphate can even be detected as early as the primitive-streak stage and appears to be at a maximum at stages 16 and 17 (Franco-Browder et al, 1963).…”

Section: Biochemical Aspects Of Differentiationmentioning

confidence: 85%

The problem of automation in animal development: confrontation of the concept of cell sociology with biochemical data

Chandebois

1981

Acta Biotheor

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The principles of automation in animal development, as previously inferred from the concept of Cell Sociology do not fit in well with the current concept of sequential genet derepression. A more adequate explanation for those principles has been found in the literature dealing with the biochemical aspects of differentiation. Since oocytes and embryonic cells contain a greater variety of mRNAs than differentiated cells, as well as many tissue-specific (luxury) substances, it is concluded that the diversification of tissues consists of a progressive selection of specific metabolic strategies, mediated by cell-to-cell contacts, from a broad range of pre-existing strategies. For each tissue, prior to its final determination, one luxury metabolic strategy is progressively intensified and becomes dominant. The others are either suppressed or maintained as latent metabolic strategies. The latter may on occasion become dominant again (transdifferentiation). These phenomena require a theory which considers gene regulation as the activation of otherwise repressed genes by specific activator RNAs. The high (apparently maximal) transcriptional activity on the lampbrush chromosomes may represent the synthesis of all the kinds of activator RNAs which are required for the reactivation of the genes during early development. A general conception is propounded of the automatism and programming of animal development, as inferred from the confrontation of these ideas with the concept of Cell Sociology.

show abstract

“…An even earlier indication of chondrogenesis is the appearance of cartilage-specific enzymes in the mesen chyme [5]. The distribution of these enzymes is difficult to demonstrate histochemically in whole limb buds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vasculogenesis and Chondrogenesis in the Chick Wing Bud

Fraser¹

1986

Cells Tissues Organs

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Stage 22 to stage 24 chick wing buds were labeled with sulphate-35 to identify chondrogenic areas; these areas were then related to the presence of blood vessels. Blood vessels were found in areas of increased sulphate uptake, indicating that there is no avascular area formed in the limb bud mesenchyme prior to the onset of chondrogenesis, as indicated by increased sulphate-35 uptake. It is, therefore, unlikely that the vasculature plays an initial role in the determination of chondrogenic areas in the wing bud.

show abstract

Enzymatic events during cartilage differentiation in the chick embryonic limb bud

Cited by 63 publications

References 25 publications

Phenotypic transformation of clonal myogenic cells to cells resembling chondrocytes.

Phenotypic transformation of clonal myogenic cells to cells resembling chondrocytes.

The problem of automation in animal development: confrontation of the concept of cell sociology with biochemical data

Vasculogenesis and Chondrogenesis in the Chick Wing Bud

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About