Enzymatic preparation of <scp>L</scp>‐α‐glycerylphosphorylcholine in an aqueous medium

Zhang, Kangyi; Liu, Yuanfa; Wang, Xingguo

doi:10.1002/ejlt.201100219

Cited by 20 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Analysis of the ‘aqueous phase’ of the various gum fractions with the 31 P‐NMR technique showed that GPL are effectively formed during enzymatic degumming with Lecitase Ultra®. This observation is in agreement with the outcome of earlier studies . GPL becomes first measurable after 60 min of enzymatic reaction and reaches a concentration of 0.14% in the gums after 300 min.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

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Enzymatic degumming: Degumming efficiency versus yield increase

Sampaio

Zyaykina

Wozniak

et al. 2014

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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Enzymatic degumming trials were performed on crude extracted soybean (SBO) and rapeseed oils (RSO) with a microbial phospholipase A1 (Lecitase Ultra®). We obtained a degummed oil with a phosphorus content < 10 mg/kg when applying an enzyme dosage of 30 mg/kg and (feedstock dependent) a contact time of 10–120 min. While a good degumming efficiency can already be obtained after a relative short reaction time, it was observed that a longer reaction time (1–2 h) is required for complete degradation of the phospholipids (PL), which results in a yield increase. We demonstrated that Lecitase Ultra® has no specificity for a given PL, but that the rate of conversion depends on the PL composition of the crude oil. After 60 min, 80% of phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE) was degraded to its lyso‐form while only 40% of phosphatidyl inositol (PI) was converted in the same time interval. The formation of glycerophospholipids (GPL) was only observed after 60 min reaction. Practical applications: Practical advantages and disadvantages of the use of Lecithase Ultra for enzymatic degumming of oils is described, focusing on soybean oil and rapeseed oil. The information will be valuable and important for the oil refining industry. Degumming of soybean and rapeseed oils with phospholipase A1 (Lecithase Ultra) was performed and it was demonstrated that there is no specificity for a given phospholipid. However, the conversion rate depends on the phospholipid composition of the crude oils.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Zhang el al. confirmed the production of L‐α‐GPC with 98% of purity and 73% recovery when using phosphatidyl choline (PC) as substrate.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Enzymatic degumming: Degumming efficiency versus yield increase

Sampaio

Zyaykina

Wozniak

et al. 2014

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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“…However, chemically prepared l ‐α‐GPC cannot be used as a food‐grade ingredient because of the toxicity of the substrates and catalysts. Alternatively, l ‐α‐GPC has been enzymatically produced by hydrolysis of PC in aqueous media . These enzymatic methods employed phospholipase A 1 (PLA 1 ) or a combination of sn ‐1,3‐specific lipase and phospholipase A 2 as the biocatalysts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the former case, an extracting solvent, such as diethyl ether, is used to remove the free fatty acids (FFA) that form during the reaction . The chromatographic method commonly utilizes column chromatography with an ionic or polar stationary phase and organic solvents (e.g., methanol) as a mobile phase to separate l ‐α‐GPC from substances with lower polarities …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymatic preparation of food‐grade l‐α‐glycerylphosphorylcholine from soy phosphatidylcholine or fractionated soy lecithin

Kim

Song

Lee

et al. 2019

Biotechnology Progress

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L-α-Glycerylphosphorylcholine (L-α-GPC) is a biosynthetic precursor for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in humans, making it a useful as a cognitive enhancer for treating patients with stroke and dementia, including Alzheimer's disease. The aim of this study was to prepare L-α-GPC via Novozym 435 (an immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B)-catalyzed hydrolysis of soy phosphatidylcholine or a fractionated soy lecithin, from which triacylglycerols were completely removed, followed by foodgrade solvent extraction of L-α-GPC from the reaction products. The reaction was performed in n-hexane-water biphasic media in a stirred-batch reactor. Phosphatidylcholine was completely hydrolyzed to L-α-GPC under optimal conditions: temperature, 55 C; water content, 100 wt% of the substrate weight; enzyme loading, 10 wt % of the substrate weight; and reaction time of 6 hr (for soy phosphatidylcholine) or 8 hr (for fractionated soy lecithin). Water-soluble fractions of the reaction products containing 98.6 area% L-α-GPC (from soy phosphatidylcholine) or 52.4 area% glycerophosphodiesters, including L-α-GPC (from fractionated soy lecithin), were obtained after phase separation of the media. The resulting products would be suitable for use as food-grade cognitive enhancers because of the use of enzymatic reaction and food-grade solvent extraction. K E Y W O R D Sfood-grade cognitive enhancer, lecithin, L-α-glycerylphosphorylcholine, Novozym 435, phosphatidylcholine

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“…[2] Due to the predominant oleic (75-83%) and high level of natural antioxidants (phenols and tocopherol), Camellia seed oil is strongly resistant to peroxidation and forming few free radicals. [3] Hexane extraction or a combination of mechanical processing and hexane extraction are the main methods of extracting Camellia seed oil, [4] however, the complex refining process of the crude oil obtained by pressing and solvent residue in oil obtained by organic solvent extraction are both important issue needed to be solved. In addition, severe heat treatment during conventional oil extraction processing not only affects the oil quality but also denatures the protein in the meal which is ultimately fed to animals as a protein source.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surfactant‐Assisted Aqueous Extraction Processing of Camellia Seed Oil by Cyclic Utilization of Aqueous Phase

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2019

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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Tea saponin, an abundant nonionic surfactant in Camellia seeds, is proved to be able to reduce the interfacial tension between oil and water. The tendency of oil transfer from raw material into the aqueous phase is enhanced with the lowering of interfacial tension. Based on the result above, an improved surfactant‐assisted aqueous extraction processing method (SAEP) is established. SAEP can accumulate tea saponin in aqueous phase by the continuous reuse of extracting agent and sequentially reduce the difficulty of oil extraction. Attributed to the decrease in sediment phase (3.09 and 4.96%, respectively, when distilled water and ethanol are used as extracting agents), highest oil yields of 93.58 and 89.62% are obtained, respectively. In addition, the by‐products accumulated continuously in aqueous phase are beneficial for the recycling. The proposed method can save 60–70% of the extracting agent dosage compared with traditional aqueous extraction processing (AEP), which greatly reduces the production cost and wastewater output. Practical Applications: Alcohol‐assisted aqueous extraction processing of Camellia seed oil has been industrialized in China. However, economic benefit of this process is limited by large amount of alcohol consumption and production safety requirements. Surfactant‐assisted aqueous extraction processing (SAEP) accumulates the tea saponin rich in Camellia seeds by the extracting agent recycling use. The high concentration of tea saponin reduces the interfacial tension between oil and water, ensures the extraction rate, and reduces the consumption of the extracting agent. SAEP with a strong operability has the potential to help enterprises improve production process and reduce cost. Tea saponin (TS), which is rich in Camellia seeds, is proved to be able to reduce the difficulty of aqueous extraction processing of Camellia seed oil. With the continuous accumulation of tea saponin by aqueous phase cyclic utilization, the interfacial tension between extracting agent and oil continuously decreases, which promotes the release of oil from raw materials and improves the utilization of protein and other by‐products simultaneously. This method fully embodies the concept of green extraction and has potential application value to the enterprises which have industrialized production of Camellia oil by alcohol‐assisted aqueous extraction processing.

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Enzymatic preparation of L‐α‐glycerylphosphorylcholine in an aqueous medium

Cited by 20 publications

References 22 publications

Enzymatic degumming: Degumming efficiency versus yield increase

Enzymatic degumming: Degumming efficiency versus yield increase

Enzymatic preparation of food‐grade l‐α‐glycerylphosphorylcholine from soy phosphatidylcholine or fractionated soy lecithin

Surfactant‐Assisted Aqueous Extraction Processing of Camellia Seed Oil by Cyclic Utilization of Aqueous Phase

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