Enzymatic production of an organic soil biostimulant from wheat-condensed distiller solubles: Effects on soil biochemistry and biodiversity

Agricultural uses of plant biostimulants

“…Protein hydrolysates are prepared by enzymatic, chemical or thermal hydrolysis of a variety of animal and plant residues, including animal epithelial or connective tissues (Cavani et al 2006;Ertani et al 2009Ertani et al , 2013aGrabowska et al 2012;Kauffman et al 2007;Kunicki et al 2010;Maini 2006;Morales-Payan and Stall 2003), animal collagen and elastine (Cavani et al 2006), carob germ protein (Parrado et al 2008), alfalfa residue (Schiavon et al 2008;Ertani et al 2009Ertani et al , 2013b, wheat-condensed distiller solubles (García-Martínez et al 2010 Protein/peptide and free amino acid contents of the hydrolysates vary in these preparations in the range of 1-85 % (w/w) and 2-18 % (w/w), respectively. The major amino acids include alanine, arginine, glycine, proline, glutamate, glutamine, valine and leucine (Parrado et al 2008;Ertani et al 2009;García-Martínez et al 2010). Siapton contains a high proportion of proline and glycine while in carob germ hydrolysate glutamine and arginine predominate (Parrado et al 2008).…”

Bioprospecting of yeasts for amylase production in solid state fermentation and evaluation of the catalytic properties of enzymatic extracts

“…Wheat bran was chosen as the substrate for the selection of promising strains due to its complexity nutritional, favoring microbial growth and the production of different fungal amylases; fact described by several authors in previous works (Ellaiah et al, 2002;Bhatti et al, 2007). Solid state fermentation was adopted aiming to lower the cost of enzymes production, considering that one of the major problems for the enzymes application in industrial scale, is the high cost of these biocatalysts, given the high price of formulated culture media (Romero et al, 2007;García-Martínez et al, 2010). In this way, the use of agroindustrial wastes for the microorganisms cultivation and enzyme production is one alternative to reduce the final cost of these biological catalysts (Singhania et al, 2009;Alves-Prado et al, 2010), especially in countries such as Brazil that have agriculture as one of the main economic activities.…”

“…These advantages explain the search for microbial strains that exhibit significant enzyme production in low-cost fermentation processes (Alves-Prado et al, 2010). The use of agroindustrial wastes for enzymes production can become economically viable for the application of these biocatalysts in large scale, considering that one of the major problems in the enzymes utilization in industrial processes is the high cost of the microbial culture media, about 30-40% of the cost enzyme production (Romero et al, 2007;García-Martínez et al, 2010).…”

The Use of Biostimulants for Enhancing Nutrient Uptake

“…Protein hydrolysates are marketed as plant biostimulants that can be applied as a foliar spray, soil drench, or seed treatment (du Jardin, 2012; Maini, 2006). The scientific literature discusses both pure AA (Ghasemi et al, 2012;Rodríguez-Lucena et al, 2010;Yuan et al, 2013;Zhou et al, 2007) and protein hydrolysates (Ertani et al, 2009;García-Martínez et al, 2010;Maini, 2006;Schiavon et al, 2008). In this review we will refer to both protein hydrolysates and pure AA as "AA," and specify the name of the pure AA when it is relevant.…”