Enzymatic Synthesis of Glycerol Carbonate Using a Lipase Immobilized on Magnetic Organosilica Nanoflowers as a Catalyst

Abstract

For synthesizing glycerol carbonate (GC) by a reaction between glycerol (GL) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC), a lipase immobilized on magnetic organosilica nanoflowers was prepared and utilized as a biocatalyst. Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) was chosen as a model enzyme for preparing an immobilized biocatalyst (CALB@nanoflowers). The obtained CALB@nanoflowers was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Effects of GL/DMC molar ratio, biocatalyst amount, temperature, surfactant and molecular sieve addition, and reaction time on the conversion of GL and the selectivity of CALB@nanoflowers were investigated. The optimal catalytic performance (yield of GC: 88.66% and conversion of GL: 94.24%) was achieved under the condition of 1:20 molar ratio of GL to DMC with 0.2 g of molecular sieves added at 50 °C for 24 h. After recycling seven times, the CALB@nanoflowers maintained over 79% of its initial activity and the yield of GC was 70.31%.

Recent Progress in Synthesis of Glycerol Carbonate and Evaluation of Its Plasticizing Properties

“…These reactions under kinetic control lead to high yields according to the experimental conditions. Studies showed (Du et al, 2018) the optimization of the reaction with the immobilized Candida Antartica lipase B as biocatalyst at a concentration of 5 g/L, a GL/DMC molar ratio (1:20), at 50°C. After 24 h the yield in GC is 89%.…”

Efficient production of wild-type lipase B from Candida antarctica in the cytoplasm of Escherichia coli

“…It remains stable from pH 3.5 -9.5 (optimal catalysis at pH 7) and has been observed to function at 150°C [4], in polar organic solvents [5], within ionic liquids and supercritical carbon dioxide [4]. The enzyme is an efficient biocatalyst and can be utilized in a broad range of processes, from biodiesel production (reviewed in [6][7][8][9][10][11][12]), glycerol carbonate [13], diacylglycerol [14][15], benzyl acetate [16], olvanil [17] and drug synthesis, [18] racemate resolutions [19][20][21][22][23], lignin valorization [24] and aminolysis [25].…”

Using Diaper Waste to Prepare Magnetic Catalyst for the Synthesis of Glycerol Carbonate

“…Thus, heterogeneous catalysts, including alkali metal oxides, hydrotalcites, ionic liquids, alkali metal salts, and lipase, were developed as the alternative of homogeneous catalysts [11,12]. In recent years, waste-derived materials have attracted more and more attention because of the negligible cost of feedstock [13] Some industrial waste, agricultural waste, and municipal waste have been used as the feedstock to prepare catalyst, which showed similar catalytic performance as the catalysts prepared from the pure chemicals [14,15]. Compared with homogeneous catalysts, all these developed heterogeneous catalysts have the advantages of easy separation and low pollution.…”

“…To solve this problem, magnetic heterogeneous catalyst (MHC) was developed, which can be efficiently separated from the reaction system with less catalyst loss by applying an external magnetic field [15,[17][18][19]. Rezayan et al prepared a zeolite-supported MHC, KOH/ZSM5-Fe 3 O 4 , which showed high catalytic ability and separation efficiency in the synthesis of biodiesel [20].…”