Enzymatic synthesis of structured lipids from grape seed (Vitis vinifera L.) oil in associated packed bed reactors

Abstract

Triacylglycerols (TAGs) can be modified to increase the absorption of fatty acids, prevent obesity, and treat fat malabsorption disorders and metabolic diseases. Medium-long-medium (MLM)-type TAGs, which contain medium-chain fatty acids in the sn-1 and sn-3 positions of the glycerol backbone and a long-chain fatty acid in the sn-2 position, show particularly interesting nutritional characteristics. This study aimed to synthesize MLM-type TAGs by enzymatic acidolysis of grape seed oil with medium-chain capric acid (C10:0) in associated packed bed reactors. The reaction was carried out during 120 H, at 45 °C, using lipase from Rhizomucor miehei (Lipozyme ® RM IM). The residence time distribution of reagents in the reactor was quantified to evaluate the reactor behavior and to diagnose the existence of preferential paths. The reaction progress was monitored by analyzing TAG composition and, at the steady state (after 48 H of reaction), the incorporation degree achieved a value of 39.91 ± 2.77%. To enhance the capric acid incorporation, an acidolysis reaction in associated packed bed reactors was performed. The results showed a good operational stability of the biocatalyst, revealing values of half-life 209.64 H, 235.63 H of packed bed and associated packed bed reactor, respectively, and a deactivation coefficient 0.0061 H −1 .

Continuous Production of Dietetic Structured Lipids Using Crude Acidic Olive Pomace Oils

“…During the acidolysis of grapeseed oil with C10:0, using Lipozyme RM IM in a continuous PBR, a half-life of 209.6 h and a deactivation coefficient of 0.0061 h -1 were estimated [ 51 ]. These results are similar to our results with the same acyl donor for Lipozyme TL IM (228.3 h), but our results were superior when Lipozyme RM IM was used in the same system.…”

“…The results of the present study are very promising, with regard to the advantage of using continuous bioreactors. Many variables, such as reagent molar ratio, substrate composition, and bioreactor operating parameters have an impact on product yield and quality [ 51 ].…”

Solvent-Free Enzymatic Synthesis of Dietary Triacylglycerols from Cottonseed Oil in a Fluidized Bed Reactor

“…Lipases that are sn -1,3 regioselectives typically do not exchange acyl groups at the sn -2 position due to steric hindrance [ 12 ], thus allowing the control of fatty acids incorporation at the sn -1 and sn -3 specific positions of the glycerol chain in the triacylglycerol structure [ 2 , 13 ]. Lipozyme RM IM was chosen as a biocatalyst in this study due to its selectivity, efficiency in dietary triacylglycerol synthesis, high operational stability, and higher activity towards medium-chain and long-chain fatty acids [ 9 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ].…”

“…New sources of triacylglycerols have been studied for technological applications, particularly those with high concentrations of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as grape seed oil, which contains 58–78% linoleic acid [ 9 , 16 ]. Substrates with a high content of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids can be used for the synthesis of MLM triacylglycerols ( Figure 1 ).…”

“…The synthesis of MLM triacylglycerols can be performed both in batch, where the batch stirred tank reactor (BSTR) stands out as the primary method [ 9 , 21 , 32 , 33 , 34 ], and continuous mode, where the packed-bed reactor (PBR) stands out [ 16 , 35 , 36 , 37 ]. Another reactor configuration that can be employed for MLM-structured lipid synthesis is fluidized bed reactors (FBRs); however, this is less explored in the current literature.…”