Enzyme-assisted extraction, chemical characteristics, and immunostimulatory activity of polysaccharides from Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer)

Song, Young-Ran; Sung, Su‐Kyung; Jang, Mi Hyeon; Lim, Tae‐Gyu; Cho, Chang‐Won; Han, Chunchun; Hong, Hee‐Do

doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.132

Cited by 76 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Polysaccharides are one of the main constituents of ginseng that contribute to its bioactivities . In this work, the carbazole–sulfuric acid method was applied to determine the acidic polysaccharide contents in ginseng.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Polysaccharides are one of the main constituents of ginseng that contribute to its bioactivities. 27 In this work, the carbazole-sulfuric acid method was applied to determine the acidic polysaccharide contents in ginseng. The acidic polysaccharide contents of raw material and extrudates obtained under various conditions are presented in Table 2.…”

Section: Acidic Polysaccharide Contentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of extrusion conditions on chemical properties of extruded white ginseng root hair

Jin

2019

J Sci Food Agric

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BACKGROUND This study was to investigate the significant effects of extrusion process variables on chemical properties of extruded white ginseng root hair. The extrusion conditions were set as follows: barrel temperature (110 and 140 °C), moisture content (20 and 30%) and screw speed (200 and 300 rpm). The powder of white ginseng root hair was extruded as L8 (27) orthogonal experimental design. RESULTS The crude saponin and acidic polysaccharide contents of extrudate were significantly higher than those of raw material after extrusion. In addition, antioxidant properties were also increased, while reducing sugar content was markedly lower than that of raw material. Moisture content was the most significant factor affecting the reducing sugar, acidic polysaccharide and total phenolic contents, and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity. Barrel temperature significantly affected reducing power, and screw speed significantly influenced crude saponin content. CONCLUSIONS The extrusion process aided in improving the amount of beneficial compounds from white ginseng root hair. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Acidic Polysaccharide Contentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of extrusion conditions on chemical properties of extruded white ginseng root hair

Jin

2019

J Sci Food Agric

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“…9 Efforts have been made to correlate pectin structural characteristics with its anti-inflammatory effect. Polysaccharides from ginseng with high GalA, galactose and arabinose contents suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in mice, 10 and soluble dietary fiber containing pectic substances, with high GalA contents and DM, reduced gastric ulcer lesions in rats by 87%. 11 Bioactivity of specific pectin domains or modified pectin fractions has also been studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Intestinal anti-inflammatory effects of artichoke pectin and modified pectin fractions in the dextran sulfate sodium model of mice colitis. Artificial neural network modelling of inflammatory markers

et al. 2019

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“…In addition, the four fractions were tested for their roles in the regulation of macrophage-stimulating factors such as NO, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12, which increase both cell-mediated and immune responses [ 26 ]. The stimulation of four polysaccharide samples significantly promoted the secretion of NO, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12 in RAW264.7 cells compared with the untreated cells, which occurred in a dose-dependent manner, indicating that all samples could induce the production of these cytokines in the macrophages ( Figure 3 C).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From day 1 to day 28, the groups were orally treated daily with saline (vehicle-treated control), ASEP-P (100 or 200 mg/kg/day), or CVT-E002™ (positive control: 100 mg/kg/day). CVT-E002™ (COLD-fX ® ; Afexa Life Sciences Inc., Edmonton, AB, Canada) is a commercially available herbal product for boosting the immune system, which primarily consists of poly-furanosyl-pyranosyl-saccharides (>80%) and oligosaccharides extracted using an aqueous method from the roots of Panax quinquefolius (North American ginseng) [ 26 , 35 ]. Twenty-four hours after the last administration, the mice were weighed and then sacrificed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Pectinase-Assisted Extraction on the Physicochemical and Biological Properties of Polysaccharides from Aster scaber

Song

Sung

Shin

et al. 2018

IJMS

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The edible and medicinal perennial herb Aster scaber is known to have anticancer, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties. However, the biological effects of its polysaccharides are not well understood. Here, we aimed to extract novel polysaccharides with enhanced biological properties from Aster scaber using enzyme-assisted methods. Amylase, cellulase, and pectinase were used to extract enzyme-assisted polysaccharide (ASEP)-A, ASEP-C, and ASEP-P, respectively. The yields, physicochemical properties, and immunostimulatory activities of the polysaccharides were investigated and compared with those of hot water extracted polysaccharide (ASWP). The highest yield (3.8%) was achieved for ASEP-P extracted using pectinase digestion. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and chemical composition analysis revealed that ASWP and three ASEPs were typical acidic heteropolysaccharides, mainly comprising rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, glucose, and galacturonic acid. Immunostimulatory activity assays on RAW264.7 macrophages showed ASEP-P to have the greatest immunostimulatory potential in terms of nitric oxide (NO) and cytokine productions and phagocytic activity. ASEP-P administration improved immune-enhancing effects in normal mice by improving the spleen index and splenic lymphocyte proliferation, and in immunosuppressed mice by modulating lymphocyte proliferation, natural killer (NK) cell activity, and leukocyte counts. The ASEP-P derived from pectinase hydrolysate of Aster scaber demonstrated efficacious immunostimulatory properties and has potential applications as an immune stimulator.

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Enzyme-assisted extraction, chemical characteristics, and immunostimulatory activity of polysaccharides from Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer)

Cited by 76 publications

References 36 publications

Effects of extrusion conditions on chemical properties of extruded white ginseng root hair

Effects of extrusion conditions on chemical properties of extruded white ginseng root hair

Intestinal anti-inflammatory effects of artichoke pectin and modified pectin fractions in the dextran sulfate sodium model of mice colitis. Artificial neural network modelling of inflammatory markers

The Effect of Pectinase-Assisted Extraction on the Physicochemical and Biological Properties of Polysaccharides from Aster scaber

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