Enzyme catalysis powered micro/nanomotors for biomedical applications

Mathesh, Motilal; Sun, Jiawei; Wilson, Daniela A.

doi:10.1039/d0tb01245a

Cited by 67 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 157 publications

(230 reference statements)

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“…[ 1 ] Micro and nanodevices showing such active and adjustable navigation have gained considerable attention, as the propulsion mechanisms are now better understood, and different sophisticated designs have been realized. This is leading to an increase in the number of potential applications, e.g., sensing and bio‐sensing, [ 2 ] biomedicine, [ 3,4 ] imaging, [ 1 ] cargo manipulation and delivery, [ 5 ] and environmental remediation. [ 6 ] The swimmer motion is essentially based on two main types of propulsion: self‐propulsion, by either phoretic motion or bubble propulsion, and nonautonomous propulsion, which requires an external source of energy/stimuli.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomous Chemotactic Light‐Emitting Swimmers with Trajectories of Increasing Complexity

Pavel

Salinas

Perro

et al. 2020

Advanced Intelligent Systems

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Miniaturized autonomous swimmers have become more and more important in many areas of research due to various fields of use, ranging from biomedical to environmental tasks. Precise and predictable control of their trajectories is a key ingredient for increasing their application potential. This can be typically achieved by using external forces such as magnetic or electric fields. An interesting alternative is to use intrinsic features of the swimmers, which allow them to exhibit chemotaxis. Such a built‐in “intelligence” enables more complex trajectories, relying on mechanisms that can be considered very basic analogs of decision‐making processes. Herein, autonomous light‐emitting chemoelectronic swimmers are presented that are able to navigate along trajectories with increasing complexity. Their decision‐making capacities are characterized by recording the light emitted along their path by a fully integrated light‐emitting diode. Chemotaxis is found to be the main driving force behind their behavior, allowing envisioning such systems for solving complex maze patterns.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomous Chemotactic Light‐Emitting Swimmers with Trajectories of Increasing Complexity

Pavel

Salinas

Perro

et al. 2020

Advanced Intelligent Systems

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“…In order to avoid high toxicity of H 2 O 2 , alternative biocompatible fuels such as urea [89] or glucose [90] were used. Because of the limitation of autonomous motors for in vivo applications, the enzyme powered motors are preferred candidates for applications in the biological environments [91].…”

Section: Ultrasound Propulsionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer Nanoparticles and Nanomotors Modified by DNA/RNA Aptamers and Antibodies in Targeted Therapy of Cancer

2021

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Polymer nanoparticles and nano/micromotors are novel nanostructures that are of increased interest especially in the diagnosis and therapy of cancer. These structures are modified by antibodies or nucleic acid aptamers and can recognize the cancer markers at the membrane of the cancer cells or in the intracellular side. They can serve as a cargo for targeted transport of drugs or nucleic acids in chemo- immuno- or gene therapy. The various mechanisms, such as enzyme, ultrasound, magnetic, electrical, or light, served as a driving force for nano/micromotors, allowing their transport into the cells. This review is focused on the recent achievements in the development of polymer nanoparticles and nano/micromotors modified by antibodies and nucleic acid aptamers. The methods of preparation of polymer nanoparticles, their structure and properties are provided together with those for synthesis and the application of nano/micromotors. The various mechanisms of the driving of nano/micromotors such as chemical, light, ultrasound, electric and magnetic fields are explained. The targeting drug delivery is based on the modification of nanostructures by receptors such as nucleic acid aptamers and antibodies. Special focus is therefore on the method of selection aptamers for recognition cancer markers as well as on the comparison of the properties of nucleic acid aptamers and antibodies. The methods of immobilization of aptamers at the nanoparticles and nano/micromotors are provided. Examples of applications of polymer nanoparticles and nano/micromotors in targeted delivery and in controlled drug release are presented. The future perspectives of biomimetic nanostructures in personalized nanomedicine are also discussed.

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“…Non-MOF-based micromotors using alternative fuels such as urea and adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) for propulsion in physiological conditions can be used as inspiration for the development of similarly fuelled MOF-based micromotors. 89,90 bubbles produced from the same glucose/GOx and H 2 O 2 /CAT enzymatic reactions. 91 Further advances in the field have shown that catalytic propulsion can also be achieved in water, as well as in gastrointestinal fluid.…”

Section: Catalytic Propulsion With Magnetic Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal–Organic Frameworks in Motion

et al. 2020

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During the last two decades, engineering motion with small-scale matter has received much attention in several areas of research, ranging from supramolecular chemistry and colloidal science to robotics and automation. The numerous discoveries and innovative concepts realised in motile micro-and nanostructures have converged in the field of small-scale swimmers. These manmade micro-and nanomachines can move in fluids by transforming different forms of energy to mechanical motion. Recently, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), which are crystalline coordination polymers with high porosity, have been proposed as key building blocks in several small-scale swimmer designs. These materials possess the required features for motile micro-and nanodevices, such as high cargo-loading capacity, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and stimuliresponsiveness. In this review, we take a journey through the major breakthroughs and milestones realised in the area of MOF-based small-scale swimmers. First, a brief introduction to the field of small-scale swimmers is provided. Next, we review different strategies that have been reported for imparting motion to MOFs. Finally, we emphasise the incorporation of molecular machines into the MOF's architecture as the means to create highly integrated small-scale swimmers. The strategies and developments explored in this review pave the way towards the use of motile MOFs for a variety of applications in the fields of biomedicine, environmental remediation and on-thefly chemistry.

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Enzyme catalysis powered micro/nanomotors for biomedical applications

Abstract: With recent developments in the field of autonomous motion for artificial systems, many researchers are focusing towards its biomedical applications for active and targeted delivery. In this context enzyme powered...

Cited by 67 publications

References 157 publications

Autonomous Chemotactic Light‐Emitting Swimmers with Trajectories of Increasing Complexity

Autonomous Chemotactic Light‐Emitting Swimmers with Trajectories of Increasing Complexity

Polymer Nanoparticles and Nanomotors Modified by DNA/RNA Aptamers and Antibodies in Targeted Therapy of Cancer

Metal–Organic Frameworks in Motion

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