Enzyme-catalyzed propagation of cello-oligosaccharide chains from bifunctional oligomeric primers for the preparation of block co-oligomers and their crystalline assemblies

Suspension Culture System for Isolating Cancer Spheroids using Enzymatically Synthesized Cellulose Oligomers

“…To investigate the location and interaction of COs with cells in culture suspensions, fluorescently modified COs were synthesized. Previous studies on the phosphorolytic synthesis of COs indicate that CDP has poor recognition capability against anomeric substitutes of primers and can introduce functional groups at the reducing end of COs. ,, Therefore, Azido-COs could be synthesized using glucose modified with an azido group at the anomeric position as primer . In this study, 1-azido-1-deoxy-β- d -glucopyranoside (β-glucosyl azide) was used as the primer in a CDP-catalyzed enzymatic synthesis.…”

“…Cellulose, which comprises linear β­(1,4)-linked d -glucopyranose units, is the major component of wood cell walls and the most abundant biopolymer on earth. , In recent years, cellulose has been applied in the field of biomaterials for drug delivery, tissue engineering, and 3D printing owing to its biocompatibility, stability, and low toxicity. − Nanocelluloses such as cellulose nanofibrils and cellulose nanocrystals can be obtained from natural resources using top-down processes, including chemical or mechanical treatments. , Alternatively, they can be synthesized by enzyme catalysis using cellulase or cellodextrin phosphorylase (CDP), which is a bottom-up process under mild conditions in water, without the complicated steps required for conventional polymer synthesis. − Furthermore, the cellulose molecules synthesized by this method self-assemble in situ into unique morphologies different from those of natural nanocelluloses. For example, when α- d -glucose 1-phosphate (αG1P) monomers (glucosyl donors) are oligomerized from d -glucose primer (glucosyl acceptor) by CDP in a buffer solution, the synthesized cellulose oligomers (COs) with an average degree of polymerization (DP) of ∼10 self-assemble into nanostructures with an antiparallel cellulose II allomorph (Figure a,b). − Our previous studies have shown that suspensions of CO nanoribbons are stable in water and can provide microenvironments for cancer spheroid growth …”

Distinguishing anti-PEG antibodies by specificity for the PEG terminus using nanoarchitectonics-based antibiofouling cello-oligosaccharide platforms

“…For 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR) spectroscopy, the product dispersions were lyophilized. The CEL-EG n 29 and CEL-EG 5 -loop assemblies 31 were similarly prepared using terminal methoxy OEG chain-bearing β- d -glucose derivatives (Glc-EG n , 50 mM) and penta(ethylene glycol) with cellobiose units at both ends (Cello-BiP, 25 mM) as primers, respectively. Synthetic schemes of the primers are shown in Scheme S1.…”

Antibacterial Synthetic Nanocelluloses Synergizing with a Metal-Chelating Agent

“…Remarkably, one-terminally functionalized cellulose molecules can be synthesized through the cellodextrin phosphorylase (CDP)-catalyzed oligomerization of α- d -glucose 1-phosphate (αG1P) monomers (that is, glucosyl donors) from a d -glucose primer (that is, a glucosyl acceptor at the initiation reaction step) with a functional group at the reducing end . In fact, the synthesis of cellulose molecules one-terminally functionalized with amino, azido, , vinyl, thiol, , phenolic, oligo­(ethylene glycol), , or alkyl groups and the production of their crystalline assemblies have been reported. We previously reported the synthesis of one-terminally aminated cellulose and its self-assembly into sheet-shaped nanoparticles. , The one-terminally aminated cellulose chains aligned perpendicularly to the base plane of the nanosheets in an antiparallel molecular arrangement (namely, cellulose II allomorph), displaying the amino groups on the assembly surfaces.…”