Enzyme immobilization: polymer–solvent–enzyme compatibility

Asaduzzaman, Fnu; Salmon, Sonja

doi:10.1039/d2me00140c

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 301 publications

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“…Interestingly, free‐form phenolics exhibit a greater ferric‐reducing capacity in comparison to their bound counterparts due to their capacity to donate electrons to other compounds [19] . Previous studies have established that free phenolics, existing as monomers, possess good solubility, readily dissolving in water or organic solvents and are physically adsorbed or entrapped within the food matrix [20] . In contrast, bound phenolics from covalent bonds with food matrix components render their extraction a challenging task [21]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[19] Previous studies have established that free phenolics, existing as monomers, possess good solubility, readily dissolving in water or organic solvents and are physically adsorbed or entrapped within the food matrix. [20] In contrast, bound phenolics from covalent bonds with food matrix components render their extraction a challenging task. [21] The assessment of an antioxidant's ability to donate electrons or hydrogen atoms to free radicals, as observed in the DPPH assay, is widely employed to gauge antioxidant efficiency.…”

Section: Antioxidant Capacity Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extraction and Characterization of Bioactive Compounds from Diverse Marine Microalgae and Their Potential Antioxidant Activities

Zhou,

Duan,

et al. 2023

Chemistry & Biodiversity

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This study compared free and bound phenolic compounds in various marine microalgae species. It assessed total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and total condensed tannin content (TCT) and their antioxidant capacities using 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, 2,2’‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS•+) radical cation‐based assay and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power assay. Liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) was also employed to characterize the phenolic profiling. Results showed that free phenolic compounds ranged from 1.83 – 6.45 mg GAE/g d.w., while bound phenolic compounds ranged from 4.03 – 26.03 mg GAE/g d.w., indicating significant differences. These variations were consistent across assays, highlining unique profiles in different species. A total 10 phenolics were found in these seven microalgae, including 1 phenolic acid, 6 flavonoids, 1 other polyphenol and 2 lignans. 4'‐O‐methyl‐(‐)‐epigallocatechin 7‐O‐glucuronide and chrysoeriol 7‐O‐glucoside in microalgae were firstly reported in microalgal samples. These findings have implications for future applications in industries.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Antioxidant Capacity Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction and Characterization of Bioactive Compounds from Diverse Marine Microalgae and Their Potential Antioxidant Activities

Zhou,

Duan,

et al. 2023

Chemistry & Biodiversity

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“…Mild, single-step coimmobilization techniques such as solution blow spinning, spray drying, and electrospinning that form nanoscale solid products from enzyme-compatible polymer solutions by versatile continuous processes would be an excellent approach for creating certain types of immobilized enzyme products by encapsulation or entrapment. 21 Solution blow spinning (SBS) is a fiber-processing method that produces micro, submicro, and nanofibers in a continuous process from polymers dissolved in volatile solvents. The resulting fibers have different properties depending on the polymers used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nanomaterials are viewed as favorable immobilization matrices because they have high surface areas that provide high enzyme immobilization yields. − Such high surface area materials could offer additional benefits as a delivery system for entrapped enzymes. Mild, single-step coimmobilization techniques such as solution blow spinning, spray drying, and electrospinning that form nanoscale solid products from enzyme-compatible polymer solutions by versatile continuous processes would be an excellent approach for creating certain types of immobilized enzyme products by encapsulation or entrapment …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protease Immobilization in Solution-Blown Poly(ethylene oxide) Nanofibrous Nonwoven Webs

Asaduzzaman

Salmon

2022

ACS Appl. Eng. Mater.

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Enzyme-functionalized solution-blown nonwoven (EFSBN) fibers were produced by a single-step solution blow spinning method that utilizes high-velocity gas to simultaneously extrude the codissolved polymer−solvent−enzyme spinning solution and evaporate solvent at mild conditions to form a nanofibrous web with preserved enzyme activity. A broad concentration range of 0.6−7.4 wt % protein of subtilisin A protease from Bacillus licheniformis was successfully entrapped by poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) during solution blow spinning nonwoven web production. The presence of enzyme protein in the solid nanofibers was detected by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Time of flight-secondary ion mass spectroscopy and laser confocal microscopy revealed the immobilized enzymes were mainly positioned inside the fibers and homogeneously distributed throughout the webs. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the fiber shape and diameter of PEO nanofibers containing enzymes were irregular compared to PEO-only nanofibers. Residual enzyme activity in the webs was measured by redissolving fibers in buffer and comparing the released enzyme activity to nonimmobilized free enzyme using a casein substrate-based assay. Immobilized protease (1.3% (w/w) protein in solid dry nanofiber webs) retained more than 90% of the free enzyme activity. Protease immobilized in solid nanofiber webs exhibited long storage stability at ambient (∼22 °C) and 4 °C temperature storage conditions, with more than 60% remaining catalytic activity after 300 days compared to the initial activity. Immobilized protease had equally good thermal stability as a stabilized liquid commercial protease, both retaining above 95% of their initial activity after treatment for 12 h at 65 °C. In contrast, the same liquid protease diluted in buffer lost activity within 2 h at that temperature. The nondusting, readily aqueoussoluble EFSBN solid materials are easy to handle and have good storage stability compared to liquid products.

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“…Mild, single-step co-immobilization techniques such as solution blow spinning, spray drying and electrospinning that form nanoscale solid products from enzyme-compatible polymer solutions by versatile continuous processes would be an excellent approach for creating certain types of immobilized enzyme products by encapsulation or entrapment. 316 Solution blow spinning (SBS) is a fiber processing method that produces micro-, submicron-and nanofibers in a continuous process from polymers dissolved in volatile solvents. The resulting fibers have different properties depending on the polymers used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzyme functionalized solution blown nonwovens

Fnu¹,

Salmon²

2022

Preprint

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ASADUZZAMAN, FNU. Enzyme Functionalized Solution Blown Nonwovens. (Under the direction of Dr. Sonja Salmon). This Ph. D. dissertation presents the innovation and development of a new category of functional materials that uses a solution blown spinning (SBS) process to produce novel, useful biocatalytic functionalized nonwovens. SBS is a rapid, mild nanofiber formation process that is not limited to thermal-plastic polymers or high dielectric constant solvent-soluble polymers. With the SBS technique, it was possible to achieve single-step enzyme immobilization into polymeric carriers from enzyme-compatible polymer solutions. The goals of this research were to explore techniques for preparing polymer-solvent-enzyme compatible triads, optimize solution spinning processes for producing enzyme functionalized solution blown nonwovens (EFSBN), and validate the anticipated application features of EFSBN.Chapter 1 is a review of the literature to assess the potential for compatible polymer-solventenzyme triads for co-immobilization solution processing to increase immobilization yield and reduce immobilization complexity. The particular focus is to produce enzyme compatible polymer solutions in an organic solvent for solution blown spinning process where in-situ fiber formation and enzyme immobilization happen. In-situ co-immobilization is one of the promising methods in enzyme immobilization due to its high enzyme loading, versatility, and single-step fabrication processability. However, the stability and compatibility of enzymes in polymer solutions (especially organic solvent-soluble polymer solutions) are challenging. Enzymes may denature in the presence of organic solvents or at elevated temperatures, limiting how enzymes can be combined with organic solvent-soluble polymers. This chapter discusses strategies for producing compatible polymer-solvent-enzyme triads that span aqueous and non-aqueous fabrication requirements.Chapter 2 reports the novel production of unique enzyme functionalized solution blown nonwoven (EFBSN) webs from aqueous soluble polyethylene oxide (PEO) polymer solution by the solution blow spinning method. Protease co-immobilization via entrapment in PEO nanofibers by solution blowing was demonstrated as a simple and efficient process for loading a broad concentration range of enzymes. The rapidly water-soluble and non-dusting EFSBN solid materials preserve a high enzyme activity level over long periods of ambient storage without adding a stabilizer and are easy to handle, making EFSBNs a potential alternative format for delivering enzymes in products that require fast-dissolving solid formulations, like detergents.Chapter 3 reveals an approach to produce an enzyme (CALB) compatible polycaprolactone (PCL)chloroform solution for enzyme co-immobilization via entrapment in PCL nanofibers. CALB enzymes survived in the microemulsion (water-in-oil) of the PCL-chloroform-CALB compatible triad and retained around half of their initial activity after solution blow spinning. These novel CALB-loaded-EFSBN-PCL ...

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Enzyme immobilization: polymer–solvent–enzyme compatibility

Abstract: Immobilization improves enzyme stability, allows easy enzyme separation from reaction mixtures, and enables repeatable use over prolonged periods, especially in systems requiring continuous chemical reactions.

Cited by 20 publications

References 301 publications

Extraction and Characterization of Bioactive Compounds from Diverse Marine Microalgae and Their Potential Antioxidant Activities

Extraction and Characterization of Bioactive Compounds from Diverse Marine Microalgae and Their Potential Antioxidant Activities

Protease Immobilization in Solution-Blown Poly(ethylene oxide) Nanofibrous Nonwoven Webs

Enzyme functionalized solution blown nonwovens

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