Enzyme Induction in Man caused by Smoking

Beckett, A. H.; Triggs, E. J.

doi:10.1038/216587a0

Cited by 110 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Enhanced drug metabolism resulting from enzyme induction, caused by smoking, has previously been reported in man, e.g. nicotine (Beckett & Triggs, 1967) and phenacetin metabolism (Pantuck, Hsiao, Maggio, Nakamura, Kuntzman & Conney, 1974). A decreased clinical efficacy of the analgesic propoxyphene has also been observed in cigarette smokers (Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program, 1973).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The influence of smoking on the intersubject variation in pentazocine elimination.

Vaughan¹,

Beckett²,

Robbie³

1976

Brit J Clinical Pharma

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The cumulative urinary excretion over 24 h of pentazocine, under conditions of acidic urinary pH, has been measured in smokers and non‐ smokers using both male and female subjects (seventy subjects in total). A restricted urban population was studied. An overall three‐ fold inter‐subject variation in elimination was observed. The cumulative urinary excretion of pentazocine was normally distributed in both smokers and non‐smokers. Smokers metabolize 40% more pentazocine than non‐smokers. It is concluded that induction is principally responsible for the observed subject variability.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The influence of smoking on the intersubject variation in pentazocine elimination.

Vaughan¹,

Beckett²,

Robbie³

1976

Brit J Clinical Pharma

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“…These authors have devised various in vitro systems which allow rate of partition studies to be made, but as with partition coefficient experiments, rate of partition is profoundly influenced by the nature of the organic phase. Since these in vitro systems are intended to be models for the behaviour of drugs in various physiological functions i.e., gastrointestinal absorption, the success of the interpretation of the behaviour of a drug will depend on the extent to which the organic phase chosen simulates in vivo lipid membranes.To overcome this major disadvantage in currently available in v i m partition systems, the buccal absorption of drugs has been proposed as an in vivo model system for the study of drug transfer across physiological membranes (Beckett & Triggs, 1967). A description of the kinetics of the buccal absorption of three chemically related drugs, amphetamine, methylamphetamine and dimethylamphetamine is now presented.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of buccal absorption of amphetamines

Beckett

Boyes

Triggs

1968

Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

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The buccal absorption of amphetamine, methylamphetamine and dimethylamphetamine in solutions at pH 8.16 and 9.18, was measured in man after 1,2, 3,4, 5 and 10 min. The recovery of the drugs from the buccal membrane after uptake was also measured by washing out the mouth for varying times with buffer solutions. An analogue computer model of the biological system was used and the kinetic parameters for the buccal absorption of the amphetamines were calculated.ECENTLY, the importance of examining the kinetics of drug transfer R between aqueous and organic phases has been emphasized (Doluisio & Swintosky 1964; Pemn 1967). These authors have devised various in vitro systems which allow rate of partition studies to be made, but as with partition coefficient experiments, rate of partition is profoundly influenced by the nature of the organic phase. Since these in vitro systems are intended to be models for the behaviour of drugs in various physiological functions i.e., gastrointestinal absorption, the success of the interpretation of the behaviour of a drug will depend on the extent to which the organic phase chosen simulates in vivo lipid membranes.To overcome this major disadvantage in currently available in v i m partition systems, the buccal absorption of drugs has been proposed as an in vivo model system for the study of drug transfer across physiological membranes (Beckett & Triggs, 1967). A description of the kinetics of the buccal absorption of three chemically related drugs, amphetamine, methylamphetamine and dimethylamphetamine is now presented. EXPERIMENTAL-BUCCAL ABSORPTION MEASUREMENTSApparatus. Perkin-Elmer F 11 Gas Chromatograph. Dynacap pH Meter.Bufler solutions. Potassium hydrogen phthalate (0-05 M) pH 4-00. Sodium tetraborate (0.05 M) pH 9.18. Sorensens phosphate buffer pH 8.16.Drug solutions. Solutions of the drugs amphetamine, methylamphetamine and dimethylamphetamine were prepared in the buffers of pH 8. 16 and 9.18 such that 25 ml contained the equivalent of 1 mg drug base.Male volunteers aged 20-40, who produced only small volumes of saliva, were used. A drug solution (25 ml) was introduced into the subject's mouth for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 10 min. After each time the solution was expelled, diluted to a suitable volume and analysed for drug content.

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“…The mechanism of action of nicotine on gastric mucosa is not known, and we will not discuss various hypotheses in this respect [2,9,17,21]. It is possible that nicotine acts directly at the gastric cellular level or alters the responsiveness of the cells to humoral and cholinergic secretagogues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Nicotine Hydrogen Tartrate on Gastric Secretion of Normal and Vagotomized Rats Stimulated with Histamine Pentagastrin and Bethanechol Chloride

Kowalewski¹

1974

Digestion

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Effect of acute and chronic treatment with nicotine hydrogen tartrate (NHT), on gastric secretion, was assessed in intact and vagotomized rats bearing permanent gastric fistulas. Intravenous infusion of NHT for 24 h with simultaneous collection of gastric juice demonstrated the inhibitory action of this drug on basal secretion and secretion stimulated with histamine, pentagastrin, and bethanechol chloride. Inhibition affected output of HC1 and pepsin and concentration of HC1. In nonstimulated and in bethanechol-stimulated rats, NHT also decreased the concentration of pepsin. Chronic treatment of rats with NHT also induced the inhibition of gastric secretion under various stimulation conditions. Inhibitory action of NHT on gastric secretion was also observed in vagotomized rats stimulated by secretagogues used in this study.

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Enzyme Induction in Man caused by Smoking

Cited by 110 publications

References 6 publications

The influence of smoking on the intersubject variation in pentazocine elimination.

The influence of smoking on the intersubject variation in pentazocine elimination.

Kinetics of buccal absorption of amphetamines

Effect of Nicotine Hydrogen Tartrate on Gastric Secretion of Normal and Vagotomized Rats Stimulated with Histamine Pentagastrin and Bethanechol Chloride

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