Enzyme inhibitory activities of phenolic compounds in pecan and the effect on starch digestion

Evaluation of different dietary polyphenols on conformational, functional changes and lycopene-loaded nanocarriers of walnut protein isolate

“…Synthesis of the WPI-polyphenol conjugates Free-radical grafting, which uses hydrogen peroxide and ascorbic acid as a redox pair of the initiator system, has been proven to be an e cient, simple, and economical strategy for producing proteinpolyphenol conjugates (Liu et al, 2016). The binding capacity of the samples was determined through the Folin-Ciocalteu method and was expressed as total phenol equivalents (Feng & Kong, 2022). As shown in Table of phenolic compounds with proteins was mainly determined by the amount and position of hydroxyl groups because they had a greater number of binding sites available for interaction with proteins, which was consistent with the results of our research.…”

Inhibitory effect of extracts from edible parts of nuts on α-amylase activity: a systematic review

“…All three studies by Tsujita et al, used porcine pancreatic α-amylases in addition to human α-amylases. 42,44,45 Additionally, 17 papers explicitly mentioned or referenced the utilisation of porcine pancreatic α-amylases 16,22,23,[25][26][27][34][35][36][37][38][39]41,43,48,50,52 (Table 2). Four studies indicated or referenced the use of α-amylases derived from a bacterial 24,31,47 or fungal source.…”

“…25 In a separate investigation, the observed IC 50 value for kola nut was nearly ten-fold higher, though it is important to note that a positive control was not utilised so the reliability of the enzyme assay system cannot be ascertained. 38 In this systematic review, among the 17 studies that utilised porcine pancreatic α-amylase as the only enzyme, 16,22,23,[25][26][27][34][35][36][37][38][39]41,43,48,50,52 four of them specifically investigated the inhibitory potential of polyphenolic extracts from the edible parts of nuts belonging to the Anacardiaceae family, including pistachio (Pistacia vera), 36,37,48 and Atlantic terebinth (Pistacia terebinthus). 23 The Pistacia genus predominantly inhabits the northern hemisphere, encompasses both evergreen and deciduous varieties, and has long been recognised for medicinal properties.…”

“…A similar situation is apparent for polyphenol extracts of pecan, with reported IC 50 values showing significant variation across different studies (IC 50 values 78-148 900 µg mL −1 ), thus the effect of pecan on porcine pancreatic α-amylase activity remains inconclusive. 27,48 Nuts such as cashews, macadamias and pine nuts are highly favoured as snacks, owing to their distinctive flavours, nutritional composition, and health-related benefits. 13,62 However, cashew nuts contain <100 mg of polyphenols per 100 g, and macadamia and pine nuts have polyphenol contents below detectable levels.…”

“…37,47 Additionally, nine investigations did not provide sufficient details regarding the purity or compositional analyses of the test inhibitors employed. 24,27,32,35,40,43,44,52,53 Notably, two studies did not mention the origin/supplier of the nuts used, 24,53 and 16 studies did not specify the supplier (s) for all chemicals used. 22,25,33,37,38,[40][41][42][43][44][45][47][48][49]52,53 Eight of them lacked important information on the specific characteristics of the extraction procedure, such as duration, temperature, and pH levels; 25,29,33,37,40,49,52,53 for example, two studies failed to specify the temperature conditions for the rotatory evaporator 25 or water bath.…”