Enzyme‐linked immunoadsorbent assay for the detection of cytomegalovirus‐IgM: Comparison between eight commercial kits, immunofluorescence, and immunoblotting

Lazzarotto, Tiziana; Casa, B Dalla; Campisi, B.; Landini, M.P.

doi:10.1002/jcla.1860060409

Cited by 45 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The lack of identifiable risk factors for CMV IgM may be due to the relatively low number of observations (3.0% prevalence for IgM), and because over 80% of the IgM reactivity in our population sample was high avidity and thus presumably from nonprimary CMV infection, which may be less associated with identifiable risk than primary infection. In addition, a portion of the IgM-positive sera may have been false-positive determinations known to occur with CMV IgM testing (13).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

National Prevalence Estimates for Cytomegalovirus IgM and IgG Avidity and Association between High IgM Antibody Titer and Low IgG Avidity

Dollard

Staras

Amin

et al. 2011

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Primary cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection of the mother during pregnancy presents risk of CMV infection of the fetus with resulting permanent disability. CMV IgM antibody is generated following primary CMV infection but also can appear during nonprimary CMV infection and is thus of limited diagnostic use by itself. In contrast, the presence of low CMV IgG avidity has been shown to be a unique and reliable serologic indicator of primary CMV infection. We measured CMV IgG and IgM antibody levels and IgG avidity in sera from a population sample of 6,067 U.S. women aged 12 to 49 years from NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey). The CMV IgG prevalence was 58% overall and increased strongly with age. The CMV IgM prevalence was 3.0% overall and remained relatively flat across age groups. The prevalence of low IgG avidity was 2.0% overall, decreased sharply with age, and was seen mainly among IgM-positive sera. Fourteen to 18% of the CMV IgM-positive sera were low IgG avidity, presumably representing primary CMV infection. High CMV IgM antibody titer was a strong predictor of low IgG avidity. The ability to reliably identify primary CMV infection during pregnancy is important for management of the pregnancy, including possible treatment options for the fetus. Both IgM and IgG avidity measurements provide useful clinical information for evaluating primary CMV infection, although commercial tests for CMV IgG avidity are not yet widely available in the United States.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

National Prevalence Estimates for Cytomegalovirus IgM and IgG Avidity and Association between High IgM Antibody Titer and Low IgG Avidity

Dollard

Staras

Amin

et al. 2011

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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“…Conventional ELISA and immunofluorescence indirect assays were used for the detection of both IgM and IgG to rubella, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus and Toxoplasma gondii, as described before 11,14,17,37 . Only 28 samples were tested by standard seroagglutination to detect Brucella spp antibodies.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of active herpesvirus 6 (variant-A) infection in patients with lymphadenopathy in Belém, Pará, Brazil

Freitas

Linhares

2003

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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SUMMARYA total of 323 patients with lymphadenopathy were selected in Belém, Brazil, between January 1996 and December 2001, and screened for the presence of human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) IgM-and-IgG antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). When seroprevalence is analyzed by gender, similar rates are found for female (60.6%) and male (55.7%) individuals. Seventy-seven (23.8%) patients were HHV-6-IgM-and-IgG-positive (IgM+ subgroup), with positivity rates of 29.7% and 17.7% (p = 0.0007) for female-and male individuals, respectively. Sera from a subgroup (n = 120) of these subjects, with high HHV-6 antibody levels (either IgM+ or IgG+ reactivities), were subsequently processed for the presence of HHV-6 DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/nested PCR. Active infections (IgM+ and/or IgG+ high levels specific antibodies plus detection of viral DNA) were diagnosed in 20/77 (20.0%) and 8/43 (18.6%); subgroup of the 120 individuals suspected of having HHV-6 suggestive recent infection. All (n = 28) cases of active infection were found to be associated with HHV-6 variant-A (HHV-6A), as detectable by PCR/nested PCR, using variant-specific primer that amplify regions of 195 base pairs (bp) (HHV-6A) and 423 bp (HHV-6B). Rates of HHV-6 DNA detection between female and male patients were similar (p > 0.05) in the IgM+ and IgG+ groups: 20.4% versus 35.7% and 25.0% versus 13.0%, respectively. HHV-6 DNA was detected across ≤ 5 through 41-50-year age-groups for patients whose serum samples were IgM+, with rates ranging from 7.7% (female subjects aged ≤ 5 years) to 80.0% (male, 11-20 years). Among patients whose serological status was IgG+, HHV-6 DNA was detected in ≤ 5, 6-10, 21-30 and > 50 age-groups at rates that ranged from 15.4% (male, ≤ 5 years of age) to 100.0% (female aged 11-20 years). Swelling cervical lymph nodes were the most common sign, accounting for 9 (32.0%) cases in each gender group. Among patients (n = 28) with active infection by HHV-6A variant, duration of symptoms lasted 1-5 days in 35.7% of subjects, whereas in 64.3% of them the disease lasted 6-20 days. Our data suggest that it is worth seeking for HHV-6 infection whenever a patient (infant or adult) presents with lymphadenopathy as a prominent symptom in the course of an acute febrile illness.

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“…Conventional ELISA was used for the detection of both IgM and IgG to measles, rubella, parvovirus B19, Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus, as previously reported 2,9,12,31,44 . Samples were also tested by haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) assay 22 for the determination of antibodies to Mayaro, Oropouche and dengue viruses, which are wellknown viral agents of exanthematous illnesses in the Amazon region.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outbreaks of human-herpes virus 6 (HHV-6) infection in day-care centers in Belém, Pará, Brazil

Freitas

Monteiro

Linhares

2000

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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SUMMARYA total of 730 children aged less than 7 years, attending 8 day-care centers (DCCs) in Belém, Brazil were followed-up from January to December 1997 to investigate the occurrence of human-herpes virus 6 (HHV-6) infection in these institutional settings. Between October and December 1997 there have been outbreaks of a febrile-and -exanthematous disease, affecting at least 15-20% of children in each of the DCCs. Both serum-and-plasma samples were obtained from 401 (55%) of the 730 participating children for the detection of HHV-6 antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and viral DNA amplification through the nested-PCR. Recent HHV-6 infection was diagnosed in 63.8% (256/401) of them, as defined by the presence of both IgM and IgGspecific antibodies (IgM+/IgG+); of these, 114 (44.5%) were symptomatic and 142 (55.5%) had no symptoms (p = 0.03). A subgroup of 123 (30.7%) children were found to be IgM-/IgG+, whereas the remaining 22 (5.5%) children had neither IgM nor IgG HHV-6-antibodies (IgM-/IgG-). Of the 118 children reacting strongly IgM-positive (³ 30 PANBIO units), 26 (22.0%) were found to harbour the HHV-6 DNA, as demonstrated by nested-PCR. Taken the ELISA-IgM-and-nested PCR-positive results together, HHV-6 infection was shown to have occurred in 5 of the 8 DCCs under follow-up. Serological evidence of recent infections by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and parvovirus B19 were identified in 2.0% (8/401) and 1.5% (6/401) of the children, respectively. Our data provide strong evidence that HHV-6 is a common cause of outbreaks of febrile/exanthematous diseases among children attending DCCs in the Belém area.

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Enzyme‐linked immunoadsorbent assay for the detection of cytomegalovirus‐IgM: Comparison between eight commercial kits, immunofluorescence, and immunoblotting

Cited by 45 publications

References 17 publications

National Prevalence Estimates for Cytomegalovirus IgM and IgG Avidity and Association between High IgM Antibody Titer and Low IgG Avidity

National Prevalence Estimates for Cytomegalovirus IgM and IgG Avidity and Association between High IgM Antibody Titer and Low IgG Avidity

Evidence of active herpesvirus 6 (variant-A) infection in patients with lymphadenopathy in Belém, Pará, Brazil

Outbreaks of human-herpes virus 6 (HHV-6) infection in day-care centers in Belém, Pará, Brazil

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