Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA): the basics

Shah, Karishma; Maghsoudlou, Panagiotis

doi:10.12968/hmed.2016.77.7.c98

Cited by 147 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), developed in 1971 [ 95 , 96 ], is a crucial technique for single analyte quantification in basic research and also in clinical settings. The sandwich ELISA, due to combination of two specific antibodies, enable analysis of complex samples with high specificity for analyte detection without the need of sample pre-fractionation [ 97 ]. The sample is incubated with a capture antibody immobilized in 96-well plate.…”

Section: Cytokine Detection Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Proteomic Techniques for Cytokine Analysis: Focus on Melanoma Research

Skalníková

Čížková

Cervenka

et al. 2017

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Melanoma is a skin cancer with permanently increasing incidence and resistance to therapies in advanced stages. Reports of spontaneous regression and tumour infiltration with T-lymphocytes makes melanoma candidate for immunotherapies. Cytokines are key factors regulating immune response and intercellular communication in tumour microenvironment. Cytokines may be used in therapy of melanoma to modulate immune response. Cytokines also possess diagnostic and prognostic potential and cytokine production may reflect effects of immunotherapies. The purpose of this review is to give an overview of recent advances in proteomic techniques for the detection and quantification of cytokines in melanoma research. Approaches covered span from mass spectrometry to immunoassays for single molecule detection (ELISA, western blot), multiplex assays (chemiluminescent, bead-based (Luminex) and planar antibody arrays), ultrasensitive techniques (Singulex, Simoa, immuno-PCR, proximity ligation/extension assay, immunomagnetic reduction assay), to analyses of single cells producing cytokines (ELISpot, flow cytometry, mass cytometry and emerging techniques for single cell secretomics). Although this review is focused mainly on cancer and particularly melanoma, the discussed techniques are in general applicable to broad research field of biology and medicine, including stem cells, development, aging, immunology and intercellular communication.

show abstract

Section: Cytokine Detection Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Proteomic Techniques for Cytokine Analysis: Focus on Melanoma Research

Skalníková

Čížková

Cervenka

et al. 2017

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This technique is used in a variety of industries including diagnostics and quality-control checks [76]. In most cases an ELISA involves an antigen being immobilized to a surface that is capable of capturing a molecule that resembles the antigen.…”

Section: General Concepts Underlying the Common Deployed Screening Comentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetic assays for chemical biology and drug discovery

Gul

2017

Clin Epigenet

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The implication of epigenetic abnormalities in many diseases and the approval of a number of compounds that modulate specific epigenetic targets in a therapeutically relevant manner in cancer specifically confirms that some of these targets are druggable by small molecules. Furthermore, a number of compounds are currently in clinical trials for other diseases including cardiovascular, neurological and metabolic disorders. Despite these advances, the approved treatments for cancer only extend progression-free survival for a relatively short time and being associated with significant side effects. The current clinical trials involving the next generation of epigenetic drugs may address the disadvantages of the currently approved epigenetic drugs.The identification of chemical starting points of many drugs often makes use of screening in vitro assays against libraries of synthetic or natural products. These assays can be biochemical (using purified protein) or cell-based (using for example, genetically modified, cancer cell lines or primary cells) and performed in microtiter plates, thus enabling a large number of samples to be tested. A considerable number of such assays are available to monitor epigenetic target activity, and this review provides an overview of drug discovery and chemical biology and describes assays that monitor activities of histone deacetylase, lysine-specific demethylase, histone methyltransferase, histone acetyltransferase and bromodomain. It is of critical importance that an appropriate assay is developed and comprehensively validated for a given drug target prior to screening in order to improve the probability of the compound progressing in the drug discovery value chain.

show abstract

“…These assay platform advantages include mobility, fast data processing, simple measurement, and the small volume of the sample required [ 148 ]. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is the most common technology for immunoassay [ 149 ], with high sensitivity but complicated with multiple steps. A POC biosensor platform can have sufficient sensitivity while enabling a more practical approach [ 150 , 151 ].…”

Section: Detection Of B-type Natriuretic Peptidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

B-Type Natriuretic Peptide as a Significant Brain Biomarker for Stroke Triaging Using a Bedside Point-of-Care Monitoring Biosensor

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Stroke is a widespread condition that causes 7 million deaths globally. Survivors suffer from a range of disabilities that affect their everyday life. It is a complex condition and there is a need to monitor the different signals that are associated with it. Stroke patients need to be rapidly diagnosed in the emergency department in order to allow the admission of the time-limited treatment of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). Stroke diagnostics show the use of sophisticated technologies; however, they still contain limitations. The hidden information and technological advancements behind the utilization of biomarkers for stroke triaging are significant. Stroke biomarkers can revolutionize the way stroke patients are diagnosed, monitored, and how they recover. Different biomarkers indicate different cascades and exhibit unique expression patterns which are connected to certain pathologies in the human body. Over the past decades, B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and its derivative N-terminal fragment (NT-proBNP) have been increasingly investigated and highlighted as significant cardiovascular biomarkers. This work reviews the recent studies that have reported on the usefulness of BNP and NT-proBNP for stroke triaging. Their classification association is also presented, with increased mortality in stroke, correlation with cardioembolic stroke, and an indication of a second stroke recurrence. Moreover, recent scientific efforts conducted for the technological advancement of a bedside point-of-care (POC) device for BNP and NT-proBNP measurements are discussed. The conclusions presented in this review may hopefully assist in the major efforts that are currently being conducted in order to improve the care of stroke patients.

show abstract

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA): the basics

Cited by 147 publications

References 8 publications

Advances in Proteomic Techniques for Cytokine Analysis: Focus on Melanoma Research

Advances in Proteomic Techniques for Cytokine Analysis: Focus on Melanoma Research

Epigenetic assays for chemical biology and drug discovery

B-Type Natriuretic Peptide as a Significant Brain Biomarker for Stroke Triaging Using a Bedside Point-of-Care Monitoring Biosensor

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About