Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay of Antibodies to Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus and Determination of its Major Structural Proteins

Rodák, L.; Smíd, B; Valíček, L.; Veselý, Tomáš; Štěpánek, Jan; Hampl, J.; Jurák, E

doi:10.1099/0022-1317-71-5-1075

Cited by 82 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Antibodies against RHD were detected in sera collected in Europe between 1975 and1987, showing that RHDV-like viruses were already present, but simply had not been detected before the first evidence of the disease [33]. More recent serological data suggest that nonpathogenic strains may usually be present in wild European rabbit populations, because high antibody levels have been detected even where RHD had never been recorded or suspected [22,35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Serological evidence for a non-protective RHDV-like virus

et al. 2005

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-The data were recorded during a Rabbit haemorrhagic disease outbreak that occurred in France in 2001 in a wild population of rabbits that we have been monitoring since 2000. These data suggested the existence of non-protective antibodies due to a putative RHDV-like virus. Twentyone blood and 22 liver samples were taken from the 26 corpses of recently dead rabbits that were found. RHDV was found in all liver samples. A first screening for RHD antibodies, carried out using an ELISA based on the detection of VP60-RHDV antigen, showed that 20 of the rabbits were seropositive. Moreover, we determined antibody titres for 13 of these 20 seropositive samples. All were ≥ 1/400. Such titres normally indicate antibody levels sufficient to confer protection to all known RHDV or RHDV-like strains. For 16 samples, we determined whether these rabbits had died of a chronic or an acute form of the disease, by employing monoclonal antibody (Mabs) -based differential ELISA. All had died of an acute form of RHD. Because the antibodies detected by this VP60-ELISA test are known to appear 5-6 days after infection and since acute RHD generally kills the rabbits 2-3 days after infection, we assumed that the detected antibodies must have been present before the exposure to the virus that killed these rabbits. A second detection of antibodies was made with Mabs that are specific for RHDV. The results were negative, showing that the antibodies detected with the VP60 ELISA test were not specific for RHDV. We sequenced a portion of the VP60 gene of viruses isolated in 17 rabbits. All RHDV isolates were very similar to the RHDV strains commonly isolated in France during this period, suggesting that this viral strain was not a putative variant that is not neutralised by antibodies. Therefore we conclude that the detected antibodies were probably due to a RHDV-like virus that induces the production of detectable but non-protective antibodies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Serological evidence for a non-protective RHDV-like virus

et al. 2005

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“…The virulent one is the most spectacular (due to its high lethality) and is the most often found in the field. The avirulent strain has been rarely isolated (Capucci et al, 1996), but its presence is suspected in many field studies (Chasey et al, 1995;Cooke et al, 2000;Marchandeau and BoucrautBaralon, 1999;Marchandeau et al, 1998;Rodak et al, 1990;Sanson et al, 2000;Trout et al, 1997). This can be explained by a likely sampling bias, since rabbit populations have been mostly sampled after an outbreak of RHD mortality.…”

Section: A Virus Genetic Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been identified for the first time in China in 1984 (Liu et al, 1984) where it killed 140 millions of farmed rabbits. However, retrospective studies demonstrated that the virus was present worldwide, decades before the local emergence of the symptomatic infection (Moss et al, 2002;Rodak et al, 1990). RHDV strains isolated in the field are generally highly lethal (up to 95% mortality 2 days post-infection) and transmissible, but interestingly the impact of the virus has been highly contrasted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…RHDV strains isolated in the field are generally highly lethal (up to 95% mortality 2 days post-infection) and transmissible, but interestingly the impact of the virus has been highly contrasted. Some populations have a high proportion of seropositive rabbits in the absence of recorded mass mortality due to the m a n u s c r i p t 5 disease (Chasey et al, 1995;Cooke et al, 2000;Marchandeau and Boucraut-Baralon, 1999;Marchandeau et al, 1998;Rodak et al, 1990;Sanson et al, 2000;Trout et al, 1997),…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolution of microparasites in spatially and genetically structured host populations: The example of RHDV infecting rabbits

Fouchet

Pendu

Jean

et al. 2009

Journal of Theoretical Biology

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A c c e p t e d m a n u s c r i p t 2 AbstractSeveral studies have shown that classical results of microparasite evolution could not extend to the case where the host species shows an important spatial structure. Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus (RHDV), responsible for Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease (RHD), which recently emerged in rabbits, has strains within a wide range of virulence, thus providing an interesting example of competition between strains infecting a host species with a metapopulation structure. In addition, rabbits may show a genetic diversity regarding RHDV susceptibility. In the present paper we use the example of the rabbit-RHDV interaction to study the competition between strains of a same microparasite in a host population that is both spatially and genetically structured. Using metapopulation models we show that the evolution of the microparasite is guided by a trade-off between its capacity to invade subpopulations potentially infected by other strains and its capacity to persist within the subpopulation. In such a context, host genetic diversity acts by reducing the number of hosts susceptible to each strain, often favouring more persistent -and generally less virulent -strains. We also show that even in a stochastic context where host genes regularly go locally extinct, the microparasite pressure helps maintain the genetic diversity in the long term while reinforcing gene loss risk in the short term. Finally, we study how different demographic and epidemiologic parameters affect the coevolution between the rabbit and RHDV.

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“…Recombination might be one of the obstacles to efficient RHD control. Analyses of samples collected in several European countries before the first documented RHDV outbreak (in China in 1984) revealed the presence of anti-RHDV antibodies in wild and domestic rabbits (Forrester et al, 2006;Moss et al, 2002;O'Keefe et al, 1999;Rodák et al, 1990). This suggests the existence of precirculating non-pathogenic virus strains related to RHDV.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of positive selection in the major capsid protein VP60 of the rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV)

et al. 2008

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a b s t r a c tMutations were analysed in the major capsid protein VP60 of the rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV), a calicivirus responsible for high mortality rates in both wild and domestic European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Likelihood of positive selection was estimated using the PAML software applied to 43 non-identical complete sequences of the major capsid protein. Three codons showed signs of positive selection (with posterior probabilities over 95%), one of them is located in the region containing the major antigenic determinants (region E). The presence of positively selected codons (PSCs) in other regions may suggest the existence of other antigenic regions on the major capsid protein that stimulate protective immune responses. At all the 3 PSCs, variation contributes to putative N-glycosylation sites of the protein.An N-glycosylation site is deleted in the non-pathogenic strain RCV. Some of the substitutions at PSCs may alter the polarity and the charge of the protein with possible implications in the protein structure and host interaction. The detection of PSCs should allow a better understanding of the interaction between RHDV and the rabbit immune system.

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Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay of Antibodies to Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus and Determination of its Major Structural Proteins

Cited by 82 publications

References 8 publications

Serological evidence for a non-protective RHDV-like virus

Serological evidence for a non-protective RHDV-like virus

Evolution of microparasites in spatially and genetically structured host populations: The example of RHDV infecting rabbits

Detection of positive selection in the major capsid protein VP60 of the rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV)

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