Enzyme-Mediated Assimilation of DNA-Functionalized Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Abstract

When pyrimidine-functionalized carbon nanotubes were incubated with single-stranded DNA ligase, formations of macroscopic aggregates were observed. Wet-cell transmission electron microscopy imaging revealed that the nanotubes were radially bound to form a 3D latticelike structure. These structures were not observed in control reactions lacking ligase or adenosine triphosphate. Raman spectroscopy analysis revealed no spectra indicative of carbon nanotubes in ligase-unamended controls; however, spectra were observed in radial breathing mode and in the G and G' bands in reactions containing ligase. Furthermore, the addition of deoxyribonuclease to the ligated reactions dispersed the aggregates, and a reduction in Raman spectral intensity was observed.

Hybrids of Nucleic Acids and Carbon Nanotubes for Nanobiotechnology

“…Microscopic techniques are also powerful tools to directly characterize DNA-CNT hybrids [ 56 , 83 , 98 , 99 , 113 , 116 , 117 , 118 , 119 , 120 , 121 , 122 , 123 , 124 , 125 , 126 ]. Although TEM and SEM are major techniques, they are too broad to be adequately summarized in this section.…”

“…The study demonstrated that the surface potential against Au substrate varied depending on the type of SWNTs. Arnett et al reacted ssDNA ligase with DNA-CNT hybrids that were prepared with pyrimidine-functionalized CNTs and observed the formation of a 3D lattice-like CNT structure using wet-cell TEM [ 120 ]. Hayashida et al performed Kelvin force microscopy to measure the surface potential of ssDNA-SWNT hybrids and other related samples [ 121 ].…”

A Review on Protein Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes

“…Higher gene expressions (5-10 times) have been observed in cells containing CNTs compared to those without nanotubes. Recent studies have shown that pyrimidine functionalized CNTs incubated with single-stranded DNA formed macroscopic aggregates that were radially bound to form a 3D lattice structure, as seen in Figure 9 (28, 29). DNA was used to effectively disperse and separate bundled SWCNTs in water (28).…”

“…Recent studies have shown that pyrimidine functionalized CNTs incubated with single-stranded DNA formed macroscopic aggregates that were radially bound to form a 3D lattice structure, as seen in Figure 9 (28, 29). DNA was used to effectively disperse and separate bundled SWCNTs in water (28). Based on molecular modeling studies, it was suggested that single-stranded DNA could bind to CNTs through π-stacking, resulting in helical wrapping on the surface.…”

Scanning Techniques for Nanobioconjugates of Carbon Nanotubes

“…Many researchers observed 3D structures of CNTs by AFM, and diverse lengths and widths of various types of CNT nanobioconjugates have been reported [ 69 , 241 – 252 ]. Biochemical reactions, such as the interaction between protein and DNA molecules on CNT surfaces, were studied by AFM and other scanning techniques [ 232 , 245 , 253 – 264 ].…”