Enzyme–MOF (metal–organic framework) composites

Abstract

The ex vivo application of enzymes in various processes, especially via enzyme immobilization techniques, has been extensively studied in recent years in order to enhance the recyclability of enzymes, to minimize enzyme contamination in the product, and to explore novel horizons for enzymes in biomedical applications. Possessing remarkable amenability in structural design of the frameworks as well as almost unparalelled surface tunability, Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) have been gaining popularity as candidates for enzyme immobilization platforms. Many MOF-enzyme composites have achieved unprecedented results, far outperforming free enzymes in many aspects. This review summarizes recent developments of MOF-enzyme composites with special emphasis on preparative techniques and the synergistic effects of enzymes and MOFs. The applications of MOF-enzyme composites, primarily in transferation, catalysis and sensing, are presented as well. The enhancement of enzymatic activity of the composites over free enzymes in biologically incompatible conditions is emphasized in many cases.

Enzyme‐MOF Nanoreactor Activates Nontoxic Paracetamol for Cancer Therapy

“…20-42 Encapsulated enzymes demonstrate well-preserved catalytic activities. 21, 24, 25 Encapsulated enzymes also show enhanced stability under protein denaturation conditions, such as organic solvents, extreme pH environments, or high temperatures. 20, 26, 43 Moreover, MOFs efficiently protect encapsulated enzymes from proteolytic degradation, presumably by preventing access of proteases to the protein substrate.…”

Rational Design of Nanocarriers for Intracellular Protein Delivery

“…[178,182] On the other hand, MOFs can also be utilized as carriers for enzyme immobilization and delivering because of their high surface area, large pore volume, easily pore size tuning and mild fabricated conditions. [184] Those enzymes could interact with MOFs either by electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding interaction or covalent conjugations. [184] Those enzymes could interact with MOFs either by electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding interaction or covalent conjugations.…”

Metal–Organic Framework (MOF) Hybrid as a Tandem Catalyst for Enhanced Therapy against Hypoxic Tumor Cells

“…[1] Fabrication of nanoparticle-functionalized MOFs (NP/MOFs) was usually divided into three different strategies:o ne-pot method to induce the NPs within the cavities of the MOF, [2] post-absorption of NPs onto the MOF surfaces [3] and in situ growth of MOF on pre-synthesized NPs. [7] Later, ai nsitu encapsulated strategy was evolved to embed catalase into zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) matrix via awater-based mild approach. [5] On the other hand, the decoration of biomolecules,such as enzymes, DNA, and peptides,i nto MOFs was rare due to the lack of mild synthetic conditions.…”

“…Upon internalization, the photodynamic therapye fficiency of the MOF system was 8.7-fold greater than that without catalase,s howing an enhanced therapeutic effect against hypoxic tumor cells. [7] Later, ai nsitu encapsulated strategy was evolved to embed catalase into zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) matrix via awater-based mild approach. [1] Fabrication of nanoparticle-functionalized MOFs (NP/MOFs) was usually divided into three different strategies:o ne-pot method to induce the NPs within the cavities of the MOF, [2] post-absorption of NPs onto the MOF surfaces [3] and in situ growth of MOF on pre-synthesized NPs.…”