Enzyme monolayer-functionalized field-effect transistors for biosensor applications

Recent advances in biologically sensitive field-effect transistors (BioFETs)

“…98 Moreover, an EnFET array for the detection of four analytes (urea, glucose, acetylcholine and Nacetyl-L-tyrosine ethyl ester) has been reported. 95 A multi EnFET array integrated in a commercial FIA (flow-injection analysis) system has been developed; 101 this array enables the simultaneous monitoring of glucose, maltose, sucrose, lactose, ethanol and urea during the cultivation process in biotechnology. However, the main problem with a multi EnFET array is possible cross-sensitivity.…”

Surface-modified silicon nano-channel for urea sensing

“…Since the concept of ISFET (ion sensitive field-effect transistor) was first introduced in biosensor applications by Bergveld [1], it has attracted a lot of interest among both experimentalists and theorists [2][3][4][5][6]. The surface of the gate of the FET device can be modified with sensing molecules like antibody or antigen, and has the potential for serving as a highly efficient immunological sensor with the required specificity and sensitivity [7].…”

p H sensors based on hydrogenated diamond surfaces

“…Ion-sensitive field effect transistors ͑ISFETs͒ have been combined with biological receptors ͑enzymes, oligonucleotides, and cells͒, and can be considered as a basic building block of microelectronic biosensors. [3][4][5] So far, there have only been a few reports investigating the applicability of diamond-based IS-FET devices. [6][7][8] The p-type conductive layer which is induced at the diamond surface by a hydrogen termination has been suggested as a very promising sensing system to be used in a liquid electrolyte environment.…”