Enzymes and phytochemicals from neem extract robustly tuned the photocatalytic activity of ZnO for the degradation of malachite green (MG) in aqueous media

Bhatti, Muhammad Ali; Tahira, Aneela; Chandio, Ali Dad; Almani, Khalida Faryal; Bhatti, Adeel Liaquat; Waryani, Baradi; Nafady, Ayman; Ibupoto, Zafar Hussain

doi:10.1007/s11164-020-04391-6

Cited by 20 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…Furthermore, the optical bandgap energies of pure ZnO and green synthesized ZnO samples were investigated, as shown in Figure 3 . Kubelka-Maunk plots have been used to calculate the band gap of both materials [ 53 ]. ( αh ) 2 = K ( h − E g ) …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogenic Preparation of ZnO Nanostructures Using Leafy Spinach Extract for High-Performance Photodegradation of Methylene Blue under the Illumination of Natural Sunlight

et al. 2023

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To cope with environmental pollution caused by toxic emissions into water streams, high-performance photocatalysts based on ZnO semiconductor materials are urgently needed. In this study, ZnO nanostructures are synthesized using leafy spinach extract using a biogenic approach. By using phytochemicals contained in spinach, ZnO nanorods are transformed into large clusters assembled with nanosheets with visible porous structures. Through X-ray diffraction, it has been demonstrated that leafy spinach extract prepared with ZnO is hexagonal in structure. Surface properties of ZnO were altered by using 10 mL, 20 mL, 30 mL, and 40 mL quantities of leafy spinach extract. The size of ZnO crystallites is typically 14 nanometers. In the presence of sunlight, ZnO nanostructures mineralized methylene blue. Studies investigated photocatalyst doses, dye concentrations, pH effects on dye solutions, and scavengers. The ZnO nanostructures prepared with 40 mL of leafy spinach extract outperformed the degradation efficiency of 99.9% for the MB since hydroxyl radicals were primarily responsible for degradation. During degradation, first-order kinetics were observed. Leafy spinach extract could be used to develop novel photocatalysts for the production of solar hydrogen and environmental hydrogen.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogenic Preparation of ZnO Nanostructures Using Leafy Spinach Extract for High-Performance Photodegradation of Methylene Blue under the Illumination of Natural Sunlight

et al. 2023

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“…The absorbance spectra were measured with the gap of 25 min as shown in Figure 5a. It is obvious that the relative decrease in the absorbance is limited, suggesting the poor performance of pure ZnO, owing to its wide band gap and the fast charge recombination of electron and holes during the photocatalysis process as previously described by several studies [53][54][55]. The degradation kinetics was also described by pseudo first order kinetics as illustrated in Figure 5b and the ratio of dye concentration after certain time of degradation process and the initial dye concentration was also measured as shown in Figure 5c, indicating the pseudo first order kinetics which is mainly governed by the concentration of MG.…”

Section: 2photocatalytic Applications Of As Prepared Zno Nanostructur...mentioning

confidence: 89%

Oxygenated terminals of milky sap of Calotropis procera transformed 1D ZnO structure to 0D nanoparticles for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of malachite green and methylene blue

Bhatti

Tahira

Hullio

et al. 2023

J Mater Sci: Mater Electron

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The use of plant extract for the synthesis of nanomaterials has been preferred over conventional growth techniques due to its safety, simple, ecofriendly, cost effective and biocompatibility properties. The present study includes environmentally friendly approach for synthesis of ZnO-NPs using milky sap of calotropis procera (CP) parts. The biosynthesized ZnO-NPs were investigated in terms of crystalline, morphology, and optical characterization. The CP has resulted spherical shaped oriented nanoparticles, hexagonal phase and significantly reduced crystallite size of -26.1 nm. The photodegradation of malachite green (MG) and methyl blue (MB) dye under the illumination of UV light was investigated using biosynthesized ZnO-NPs.The effect of different volume of milky sap of CP was considered as a point of care to demonstrate its role towards the enhancement of photodegradation effectiveness of ZnO against two different organic dyes like malachite and methylene blue owing their issues raised for aquaculture and worsen environmental impacts. The degradation of both dyes was followed by 2 pseudo first order kinetics and highest volume of milky sap of CP has given out high rate constant value. The degradation efficiency of milky sap of CP assisted ZnO nanostructures was found about 85.3% and 86.3% for MG and MB respectively. However, we studied the effect of pH of dye solution on the photocatalytic performance of ZnO and it has revealed highly enhanced degradation efficiency. The increased functionality of ZnO was connected to the reduced particle size, optical band gap, and tunable surface properties with the use of terminal oxygenated groups.

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“…At 45 kV, CuK radiation (=1.54050), and 45 mA, a powder X-ray diffractometer (XRD) (PANlytical, Netherland) was used to study the purity and phase analysis of extracttreated bulk TiO 2 material. The T-O bond was examined using FTIR equipment (Spectrum two PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA, USA), and dye degradation using the changed bulk TiO 2 material and Ficus carica (FC) leaf extract was demonstrated [29].…”

Section: Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective Removal of Methylene Blue by Surface Alteration of TiO2 with Ficus Carica Leaf Extract under Visible Light

et al. 2022

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The present study describes the use of a leaf extract from Ficus carica as a source of natural antioxidants for the surface alteration of bulk titanium dioxide (TiO2) in two steps. First, the hydro-thermal treatment of the bulk TiO2 material was carried out and followed by thermal annealing at 300 °C for 3 h in air. The role of the leaf extract of Ficus carica on the performance of the bulk TiO2 material for the removal of methylene blue (MB) was also studied. Various analytical techniques such as powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used to explore the crystalline structure, morphology, and composition. The bulk TiO2 material after the leaf-extract treatment exhibited mixed anatase and rutile phases, a flower-like morphology, and Ti, O, and C were its main elements. The average crystallite size was also calculated, and the obtained values for the bulk TiO2 material, 18.11 nm, and the treated bulk TiO2 material with various amounts, 5, 10, and 15 mL, of leaf extract were 16.4, 13.16, and 10.29 nm respectively. Moreover, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy validated the typical metal–oxygen bonds and strengthened the XRD results. The bulk TiO2 material chemically treated with Ficus carica has shown outstanding activity towards the degradation of MB under sunlight. The 15 mL of Ficus carica extract significantly enhanced the photocatalytic activity of the bulk TiO2 material towards the degradation of MB. The dye degradation efficiency was found to be 98.8%, which was experimentally proven by the Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopoyy (FTIR) analysis. The obtained performance of the bulk TiO2 material with Ficus carica revealed excellent surface modifying properties for poorly-performing photocatalysts towards the degradation of synthetic dyes when used in their pristine form. The presented approach suggests that Ficus carica could be of great interest for tuning the surface properties of materials, either in the form of nano-size or bulk-phase in a particular application.

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Enzymes and phytochemicals from neem extract robustly tuned the photocatalytic activity of ZnO for the degradation of malachite green (MG) in aqueous media

Cited by 20 publications

References 87 publications

Biogenic Preparation of ZnO Nanostructures Using Leafy Spinach Extract for High-Performance Photodegradation of Methylene Blue under the Illumination of Natural Sunlight

Biogenic Preparation of ZnO Nanostructures Using Leafy Spinach Extract for High-Performance Photodegradation of Methylene Blue under the Illumination of Natural Sunlight

Oxygenated terminals of milky sap of Calotropis procera transformed 1D ZnO structure to 0D nanoparticles for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of malachite green and methylene blue

Effective Removal of Methylene Blue by Surface Alteration of TiO2 with Ficus Carica Leaf Extract under Visible Light

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