Enzymes of the Primary Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthetic Pathway in Postgermination Castor Bean Endosperm (Developmental Profiles and Partial Purification of the Mitochondrial CTP:Ethanolaminephosphate Cytidylyltransferase)

Tang, Fuqiang; Moore, Thomas

doi:10.1104/pp.115.4.1589

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In contrast, phosphatidylethanolamine is a major constituent of the eukaryotic plasma membrane (Vance and Tasseva, 2013 ). PEC is highly specific for its substrate phosphoethanolamine in both mammals and plants and, as the rate-limiting step of the pathway, is considered the key-regulatory enzyme of phosphatidylethanolamine synthesis (Sundler and Akesson, 1975 ; Wang and Moore, 1991 ; Vermeulen et al, 1994 ; Bladergroen and van Golde, 1997 ; Tang and Moore, 1997 ; Maheshwari et al, 2013 ). This result relates to salt adaptation in bacterial membranes, where phosphatidylethanolamine is predicted to destabilize the bilayer phase at higher salinities (Russell, 1989 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptations to High Salt in a Halophilic Protist: Differential Expression and Gene Acquisitions through Duplications and Gene Transfers

Harding¹,

Roger²,

Simpson³

2017

Front. Microbiol.

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The capacity of halophiles to thrive in extreme hypersaline habitats derives partly from the tight regulation of ion homeostasis, the salt-dependent adjustment of plasma membrane fluidity, and the increased capability to manage oxidative stress. Halophilic bacteria, and archaea have been intensively studied, and substantial research has been conducted on halophilic fungi, and the green alga Dunaliella. By contrast, there have been very few investigations of halophiles that are phagotrophic protists, i.e., protozoa. To gather fundamental knowledge about salt adaptation in these organisms, we studied the transcriptome-level response of Halocafeteria seosinensis (Stramenopiles) grown under contrasting salinities. We provided further evolutionary context to our analysis by identifying genes that underwent recent duplications. Genes that were highly responsive to salinity variations were involved in stress response (e.g., chaperones), ion homeostasis (e.g., Na+/H+ transporter), metabolism and transport of lipids (e.g., sterol biosynthetic genes), carbohydrate metabolism (e.g., glycosidases), and signal transduction pathways (e.g., transcription factors). A significantly high proportion (43%) of duplicated genes were also differentially expressed, accentuating the importance of gene expansion in adaptation by H. seosinensis to high salt environments. Furthermore, we found two genes that were lateral acquisitions from bacteria, and were also highly up-regulated and highly expressed at high salt, suggesting that this evolutionary mechanism could also have facilitated adaptation to high salt. We propose that a transition toward high-salt adaptation in the ancestors of H. seosinensis required the acquisition of new genes via duplication, and some lateral gene transfers (LGTs), as well as the alteration of transcriptional programs, leading to increased stress resistance, proper establishment of ion gradients, and modification of cell structure properties like membrane fluidity.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptations to High Salt in a Halophilic Protist: Differential Expression and Gene Acquisitions through Duplications and Gene Transfers

Harding¹,

Roger²,

Simpson³

2017

Front. Microbiol.

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“…A. thaliana is able to synthesize Etn by the decarboxylation of free L‐serine catalyzed by a serine decarboxylase (SDC), a soluble enzyme localized in the cytosol when fused to GFP . In plants, EKs are soluble enzymes with specificity for Etn phosphorylation . PECT activity has been detected in both mitochondrial and ER fractions in castor bean endosperm, with 80% of the activity associated to the surface of mitochondria .…”

Section: Mitochondrial Glycerolipid Synthesis In Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In plants, EKs are soluble enzymes with specificity for Etn phosphorylation . PECT activity has been detected in both mitochondrial and ER fractions in castor bean endosperm, with 80% of the activity associated to the surface of mitochondria . In A. thaliana , only one PECT gene has been identified (PECT1).…”

Section: Mitochondrial Glycerolipid Synthesis In Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycerolipid synthesis and lipid trafficking in plant mitochondria

2016

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Lipid trafficking between mitochondria and other organelles is required for mitochondrial membrane biogenesis and signaling. This lipid exchange occurs by poorly understood nonvesicular mechanisms. In yeast and mammalian cells, this lipid exchange is thought to take place at contact sites between mitochondria and the ER or vacuolar membranes. Some proteins involved in the tethering between membranes or in the transfer of lipids in mitochondria have been identified. However, in plants, little is known about the synthesis of mitochondrial membranes. Mitochondrial membrane biogenesis is particularly important and noteworthy in plants as the lipid composition of mitochondrial membranes is dramatically changed during phosphate starvation and other stresses. This review focuses on the principal pathways involved in the synthesis of the most abundant mitochondrial glycerolipids in plants and the lipid trafficking that is required for plant mitochondria membrane biogenesis.

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“…The CDP-Etn pathway involves three sequential reactions catalyzed by ethanolamine kinase (EC 2.7.1.82), CTP:phosphorylethanolamine cytidylyltransferase (PECT; EC 2.7.7.14), and CDP-ethanolamine:diacylglycerol ethanolaminephosphotransferase (EC 2.7.8.1), respectively. PECT is considered the rate-limiting enzyme in the CDP-Etn pathway (Tang and Moore, 1997). The genome of Arabidopsis thaliana contains a single PECT gene (PECT1; At2g38670) (Arabidopsis Genome Initiative, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defects in CTP:PHOSPHORYLETHANOLAMINE CYTIDYLYLTRANSFERASE Affect Embryonic and Postembryonic Development in Arabidopsis

2006

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A TILLING strategy (for targeting-induced local-scale lesions in genomes) was used in Arabidopsis thaliana to isolate mutants of a gene encoding CTP:PHOSPHORYLETHANOLAMINE CYTIDYLYLTRANSFERASE (PECT; EC 2.7.7.14), a ratelimiting enzyme in phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis. A null mutation, pect1-6, caused embryo abortion before the octant stage. However, reciprocal crosses revealed that pect1-6 caused no significant gametophytic defect. In pect1-4, PECT activity was decreased by 74%. Growth was generally normal in these mutants, despite delays in embryo maturation and reduced fertility. At low temperatures, however, homozygotic pect1-4 plants displayed dwarfism. PECT activity was decreased by 47% in heterozygotic pect1-6 plants and by 80% in pect1-4/pect1-6 F1 plants, which also displayed a small but significant decrease of phosphatidylethanolamine and a reciprocal increase in phosphatidylcholine. These lipid changes were fully reversed by wild-type PECT1 expression. pect1-4/pect1-6 F1 plants displayed severe dwarfism, tissue abnormalities, and low fertility, which was attributable in part to inhibition of anther, embryo, and ovule development, as was the reduced fertility of pect1-4 seedlings. PECT1 cDNA expression under the control of an inducible promoter partially rectified the mutant phenotypes observed in pect1-4/pect1-6 F1 seedlings, indicating that malfunctions in different tissues have a synergistic effect on the mutant phenotypes.

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Enzymes of the Primary Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthetic Pathway in Postgermination Castor Bean Endosperm (Developmental Profiles and Partial Purification of the Mitochondrial CTP:Ethanolaminephosphate Cytidylyltransferase)

Cited by 10 publications

References 30 publications

Adaptations to High Salt in a Halophilic Protist: Differential Expression and Gene Acquisitions through Duplications and Gene Transfers

Adaptations to High Salt in a Halophilic Protist: Differential Expression and Gene Acquisitions through Duplications and Gene Transfers

Glycerolipid synthesis and lipid trafficking in plant mitochondria

Defects in CTP:PHOSPHORYLETHANOLAMINE CYTIDYLYLTRANSFERASE Affect Embryonic and Postembryonic Development in Arabidopsis

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