Enzymic Reactions in the Synthesis of the Purines

Buchanan, John M.; Hartman, Standish C.

doi:10.1002/9780470122662.ch5

Cited by 48 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 162 publications

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“…The outcome of these studies was, that the caffeine purine skeleton of the investigated plants is composed just as it had been known before from yeast and animals [27]. Furthermore, 7-methylxanthine was assumed in these studies to be the precursor of theobromine (3,7-dimethylxanthine), a regular companion of caffeine in tea and coffee leaves.…”

Section: Rare But 'Refractory Caffeine' Turns Decaffito Into Exclusivmentioning

confidence: 98%

Decaf and the Steeplechase Towards Decaffito—the Coffee from Caffeine-Free Arabica Plants

Mazzafera

Baumann²,

Shimizu

et al. 2009

Tropical Plant Biol.

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Unquestionably, the popularity of the coffee beverage relies on its alerting attribute caffeine. However, susceptibilities to this purine alkaloid, quite frequently associated with health concerns, encouraged a significant market for decaffeinated coffee. The beans of Coffea arabica render the best beverage and a decaffeinated coffee has to preserve the desired organoleptic characteristics of this species. Consequently, besides technical removal of caffeine, the endeavors to attain a decaffeinated Arabica coffee range from traditional studies on genetic variability to advanced techniques to produce genetic modified coffee. The aim of this review is to recover part of this subject focusing mainly on the natural genetic variation for caffeine content in Arabica. We also present historical information about caffeine discovery and briefly discuss molecular approaches to reduce caffeine. We introduce here the term decaffito for coffee derived from Arabica plants with beans naturally low in or almost devoid of caffeine. In the near future, coffee drinkers avoiding caffeine will have the choice between basically three Arabica coffees, namely decaffeinated by (a) selection and breeding, (b) genetic modification and (c) industrial extraction. Although only the last decaf coffee is available for the consumers, we believe that the size of the market of each type will occupy in the future depend on the price and health aspects related to the way the decaffeinated coffee beans are obtained.

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Section: Rare But 'Refractory Caffeine' Turns Decaffito Into Exclusivmentioning

confidence: 98%

Decaf and the Steeplechase Towards Decaffito—the Coffee from Caffeine-Free Arabica Plants

Mazzafera

Baumann²,

Shimizu

et al. 2009

Tropical Plant Biol.

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“…This pathway was originally characterized with avian liver enzymes approximately six decades ago by Buchannan and Greenberg [1-3]. As the pathway enzymes were further characterized, a hypothesis emerged that the enzymes within the pathway must compartmentalize with one another to facilitate metabolic flux.…”

Section: A Historical Perspective Into Purine Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New View into the Regulation of Purine Metabolism: The Purinosome

Pedley

Benkovic

2017

Trends in Biochemical Sciences

432

361

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Other than serving as building blocks for DNA and RNA, purines metabolites provide a cell with the necessary energy and cofactors to promote cell survival and proliferation. A renewed interest in how purine metabolism may fuel cancer progression has uncovered a new perspective into how a cell regulates purine need. Under cellular conditions of high purine demand, the de novo purine biosynthetic enzymes cluster near mitochondria and microtubules to form dynamic multi-enzyme complexes referred to as purinosomes. This review highlights the purinosome as a novel level of metabolic organization of enzymes in cells, its consequences for regulation of purine metabolism, and the extent that purine metabolism is being targeted for the treatment of cancers.

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“…Seminal discoveries by Buchanan and coworkers starting in the 1950s 35, 36 established that ten enzymatic activities are required to carry out this conversion in chicken liver extracts. More recent studies, in particular the availability of complete genomes for a variety of organisms have allowed for the further characterization of this pathway in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.…”

Section: The De Novo Biosynthesis Of Purinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The purinosome, a multi-protein complex involved in the de novo biosynthesis of purines in humans

Zhao

French

et al. 2013

Chem. Commun.

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Purine nucleotides are ubiquitous molecules that play vital roles in all kingdoms of life, not only as components of nucleic acids, but also participating in signaling and energy storage. Cellular pools of purines are maintained by the tight control of several complementary and sometimes competing processes including de novo biosynthesis, salvage and catabolism of nucleotides. While great strides have been made over the past sixty years in understanding the biosynthesis of purines, we are experiencing a renaissance in this field. In this feature article we discuss the most recent discoveries relating to purine biosynthesis, with particular emphasis upon the dynamic multi-protein complex called the purinosome. In particular we highlight advances made towards understanding the assembly, control and function of this protein complex and the attempts made to exploit this knowledge for drug discovery.

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Enzymic Reactions in the Synthesis of the Purines

Cited by 48 publications

References 162 publications

Decaf and the Steeplechase Towards Decaffito—the Coffee from Caffeine-Free Arabica Plants

Decaf and the Steeplechase Towards Decaffito—the Coffee from Caffeine-Free Arabica Plants

A New View into the Regulation of Purine Metabolism: The Purinosome

The purinosome, a multi-protein complex involved in the de novo biosynthesis of purines in humans

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