Eocene Strike-Slip Faulting and Nonmarine Basin Formation in Washington

Anadón, Pere; Cabrera, Lluı́s; Guimerà, Joan; Santanach, P.

doi:10.2110/pec.85.37.0283

Cited by 43 publications

(56 citation statements)

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“…These basins experienced rapid subsidence and provided a depositional environment capable of accommodating extensive amounts of nonmarine sediments. Thick sequences of strata were produced associated with intrabasinal volcanics and intrusional, crystalline bodies (S. Johnson 1985, Brownfield et al 2005. One of the thickest of these nonmarine sequences is the Chuckanut Formation, which 115 is exposed in the vicinity of Bellingham, Washington and extends northeastward to the Canadian border.…”

Section: Middle Eocene Pacific Northwest: Chuckanut Swauk and Puget mentioning

confidence: 99%

Floristic composition and comparison of middle Eocene to late Eocene and Oligocene floras in North America

DeVore¹,

Pigg²

2010

Bull. Geosci.

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In comparison to the early and middle Eocene, the late Eocene and particularly the Oligocene floral record is sparse in North America. Changing tectonic, environmental and climatic conditions during these times resulted in the development of fewer depositional systems favorable for fossil preservation. Floras are known from the Southeast, the Pacific Northwest and the Rocky Mountains. Each area has a distinct geological history that shaped both the vegetation adjacent to sites of deposition as well as the depositional environments themselves. The floristic change from middle to late Eocene, and then to Oligocene reflects a changing paleoclimate from the thermal maximum to cooler and drier conditions in the late Paleogene. In the present paper, major middle, and then late Eocene and finally Oligocene floras of North America are summarized, with an emphasis on their regional geology, depositional setting, paleoclimate and significant floral elements. The North American occurrences of coryphoid palms (Sabal) and cycads are reviewed in relationship to their biogeographic history. Finally, we suggest several directions for future research that will further illuminate the floristic changes from middle, to late Eocene and Oligocene that occurred in North America.•

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Section: Middle Eocene Pacific Northwest: Chuckanut Swauk and Puget mentioning

confidence: 99%

Floristic composition and comparison of middle Eocene to late Eocene and Oligocene floras in North America

DeVore¹,

Pigg²

2010

Bull. Geosci.

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“…During the early to early middle Eocene, the eastern pre-Tertiary basement province experienced significant dextral strikeslip faulting and transtensional deformation. This deformation was manifested by the formation of rapidly subsiding sedimentary basins with common intrabasinal volcanic centers, and uplift and (or) intrusion of crystalline rocks (Johnson, 1985). Eocene sedimentary rocks within these basins are as thick as 6000 m and include some of the thickest nonmarine successions in North America (Johnson, 1985).…”

Section: Geologic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geologic setting and characterization of coals and the modes of occurrence of selected elements from the Franklin coal zone, Puget Group, John Henry No. 1 mine, King County, Washington, USA

Brownfield

Affolter

Cathcart

et al. 2005

International Journal of Coal Geology

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“…1) forms the eastern boundary of the Eocene volcanic rocks (Johnson, 1984(Johnson, , 1985Johnson et al 1996). CRBF is inferred mainly from tectonic and sedimentologic evidence to lie beneath the eastern Puget Lowland where it strikes approximately N-S (Van Wagoner et al, 2002).…”

Section: Coast Range Boundary Faultmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CRBF is inferred mainly from tectonic and sedimentologic evidence to lie beneath the eastern Puget Lowland where it strikes approximately N-S (Van Wagoner et al, 2002). Northward motion of the Cascadia forearc region during the early Tertiary may have been accommodated along this right-lateral strike-slip fault, which presumably separates rocks of the Coast Range terrane from the pre-Tertiary basement of the Cascades (Johnson, 1984(Johnson, , 1985Johnson et al, 1996).…”

Section: Coast Range Boundary Faultmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constraining fault interpretation through tomographic velocity gradients: application to northern Cascadia

Ramachandran

2012

Solid Earth

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Abstract. Spatial gradients of tomographic velocities are seldom used in interpretation of subsurface fault structures. This study shows that spatial velocity gradients can be used effectively in identifying subsurface discontinuities in the horizontal and vertical directions. Three-dimensional velocity models constructed through tomographic inversion of active source and/or earthquake traveltime data are generally built from an initial 1-D velocity model that varies only with depth. Regularized tomographic inversion algorithms impose constraints on the roughness of the model that help to stabilize the inversion process. Final velocity models obtained from regularized tomographic inversions have smooth three-dimensional structures that are required by the data. Final velocity models are usually analyzed and interpreted either as a perturbation velocity model or as an absolute velocity model. Compared to perturbation velocity model, absolute velocity models have an advantage of providing constraints on lithology. Both velocity models lack the ability to provide sharp constraints on subsurface faults. An interpretational approach utilizing spatial velocity gradients applied to northern Cascadia shows that subsurface faults that are not clearly interpretable from velocity model plots can be identified by sharp contrasts in velocity gradient plots. This interpretation resulted in inferring the locations of the Tacoma, Seattle, Southern Whidbey Island, and Darrington Devil's Mountain faults much more clearly. The Coast Range Boundary fault, previously hypothesized on the basis of sedimentological and tectonic observations, is inferred clearly from the gradient plots. Many of the fault locations imaged from gradient data correlate with earthquake hypocenters, indicating their seismogenic nature.

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Eocene Strike-Slip Faulting and Nonmarine Basin Formation in Washington

Cited by 43 publications

References 0 publications

Floristic composition and comparison of middle Eocene to late Eocene and Oligocene floras in North America

Floristic composition and comparison of middle Eocene to late Eocene and Oligocene floras in North America

Geologic setting and characterization of coals and the modes of occurrence of selected elements from the Franklin coal zone, Puget Group, John Henry No. 1 mine, King County, Washington, USA

Constraining fault interpretation through tomographic velocity gradients: application to northern Cascadia

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