EOS MLS observations of ozone loss in the 2004–2005 Arctic winter

Manney, G. L.; Santee, M. L.; Froidevaux, L.; Hoppel, K. W.; Livesey, N. J.; Waters, J. W.

doi:10.1029/2005gl024494

Cited by 107 publications

(197 citation statements)

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“…Above the 550-K level, the ozone loss estimate is hardly affected, but at 450 K the ozone loss estimate for the vortex core is around 0.4 ppmv higher than when an average over the whole vortex (vortex edge plus vortex core, as defined by Manney et al, 2006) is used. This indicates the potential errors associated with estimating ozone loss in the lower stratosphere, where mixing across the vortex edge is important.…”

Section: Assimilation-based Ozone Loss Estimatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The impact of the smearing of the high-ozone collar on ozone loss estimates is shown in Figure 2, where the ozone loss has been recalculated using an average over the vortex core only (as defined by Manney et al, 2006). Above the 550-K level, the ozone loss estimate is hardly affected, but at 450 K the ozone loss estimate for the vortex core is around 0.4 ppmv higher than when an average over the whole vortex (vortex edge plus vortex core, as defined by Manney et al, 2006) is used.…”

Section: Assimilation-based Ozone Loss Estimatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vortex averages are based on the same scaled potential vorticity criterion as in Manney et al (2006), i.e. scaled potential vorticity greater than or equal to 1.6 × 10 −4 s −1 throughout the vortex, and greater than or equal to 2.2 × 10 −4 s −1 in the vortex core.…”

Section: Assimilation-based Ozone Loss Estimatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Lagrangian Match technique uses multiple sampling of an air mass by in situ or satellite measurements to infer ozone loss along the assumed trajectory. For winter 2004/05, several variants of the above methods were applied by Jin et al (2006b) using ACE data, Manney et al (2006) using EOS MLS data, Rex et al (2006) using Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM), Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) and sonde data, and von Hobe et al (2006) using aircraft measurements.…”

Section: Summary Of Other Ozone Loss Estimates For Winter 2004/05mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Marked, episodic intrusions of mid-latitude air into the lower stratospheric vortex occurred in late January, and even more frequently in February, as revealed by N 2 O and H 2 O EOS MLS observations (eg Manney et al, 2006). A strong intrusion in late January was reminiscent of a similar event observed during the European Arctic Stratospheric Ozone Experiment (EASOE) campaign in January 1992 (Orsolini et al, 1995), and led to a large in-mixing of mid-latitude tongues of air into the vortex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimation of Arctic ozone loss in winter 2004/05 based on assimilation of EOS MLS and SBUV/2 observations

Jackson

Orsolini

2008

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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ABSTRACT:In this paper we present a new technique for the estimation of ozone loss in the stratospheric polar vortex based on the assimilation of Earth Observing System Microwave Limb Sounder (EOS MLS) and Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet radiometer (SBUV/2) ozone observations in the Met Office data assimilation system. We focus on the northern winter of 2004/05, which was exceptionally cold in the Arctic stratosphere, with associated large ozone depletion due to heterogeneous chemistry. Our ozone loss estimate, which was calculated for the 1 February to 10 March 2005 period, peaks at 450 K (approximately 17-18 km), and is 0.6 ppmv at that isentropic level (our loss estimate for the vortex core only was somewhat higher (1.0 ppmv) and indicates uncertainties related to mixing at the vortex edge). This value is similar to or smaller than results from other studies, which estimate ozone loss in this period to be in the 0.6-1.2 ppmv range. When combined with results from other studies that estimate ozone loss occurring outside our assimilation period, we obtain an estimate of 0.8-1.2 ppmv for ozone loss from early January to early March 2005. We find a second maximum in ozone loss for the 1 February-10 March period near 650 K (approximately 25 km) of around 0.4 ppmv. This is a lower figure than found in other studies, but ozone loss is actually much stronger at this level outside the vortex in a low-ozone pocket in the Aleutian anticyclone, likely due to the NOx catalytic cycle. Our results show that the ozone data assimilation method we have used to estimate ozone loss is very promising, and can lead to potentially more accurate ozone-loss estimates than other methods.

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Section: Assimilation-based Ozone Loss Estimatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Assimilation-based Ozone Loss Estimatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Assimilation-based Ozone Loss Estimatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Summary Of Other Ozone Loss Estimates For Winter 2004/05mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimation of Arctic ozone loss in winter 2004/05 based on assimilation of EOS MLS and SBUV/2 observations

Jackson

Orsolini

2008

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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Nitrate deposition to surface snow at Summit, Greenland, following the 9 November 2000 solar proton event

et al. 2014

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This study considers whether spikes in nitrate in snow sampled at Summit, Greenland, from August 2000 to August 2002 are related to solar proton events. After identifying tropospheric sources of nitrate on the basis of correlations with sulfate, ammonium, sodium, and calcium, we use the three-dimensional global Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) to examine unaccounted for nitrate spikes. Model calculations confirm that solar proton events significantly impact HO x , NO x , and O 3 levels in the mesosphere and stratosphere during the weeks and months following the major 9 November 2000 solar proton event. However, solar proton event (SPE)-enhanced NO y calculated within the atmospheric column is too small to account for the observed nitrate peaks in surface snow. Instead, our WACCM results suggest that nitrate spikes not readily accounted for by measurement correlations are likely of anthropogenic origin. These results, consistent with other recent studies, imply that nitrate spikes in ice cores are not suitable proxies for individual SPEs and motivate the need to identify alternative proxies. IntroductionIdentifying the impact of solar particle storms on the atmosphere remains fundamental in understanding the Sun's influence on Earth's climate [Gray et al., 2010; National Research Council, 2012]. High-energy particles from these solar events increase odd nitrogen and odd hydrogen, catalytically destroying ozone and thereby potentially impacting climate through the chemistry, radiative budget, and dynamics of the upper atmosphere [e.g., Randall et al., 2005;Jackman et al., 2008]. In addition, these space weather events have the potential to disrupt power grids, communications technology, and spacecraft [National Research Council, 2008].Direct observations of solar energetic particle events have only been available since the midtwentieth century. A broader understanding of the potential frequency and intensity of these events requires a more extensive record of historical occurrences, motivating the search for indirect proxy evidence [Schrijver et al., 2012]. There are numerous analytical and predictive studies using nitrate ion (NO 3 À ) variability in polar ice cores as a proxy for solar energetic particle events [e.g., Zeller and Parker, 1981;Dreschhoff and Zeller, 1990;McCracken et al., 2001a;Shea et al., 2006;Kepko et al., 2009]. However, this relationship has been questioned, particularly with regard to the short timescales associated with individual events [e.g., Legrand and Delmas, 1986;Wolff et al., 2008Wolff et al., , 2012. Contemporary progress toward predicting space weather urgently awaits the resolution of whether or not NO 3 À spikes in ice cores can be used to infer past events [e.g., Barnard et al., 2011;Riley, 2012]. [1981] associated nitrate levels with solar activity through the correlation NO 3 À in Antarctic ice cores with cosmogenic carbon isotopes ( 14 C) in tree rings. Statistical correlation studies confirm the covariance between NO 3 À and cosmogenic radionuclides...

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Hemispheric distributions and interannual variability of NO_y produced by energetic particle precipitation in 2002–2012

et al. 2014

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We investigate the interannual variability and hemispheric differences of reactive odd nitrogen produced by energetic particle precipitation (EPP‐NOy) and transported into the stratosphere and lower mesosphere during polar winters in 2002–2012. For this purpose, EPP‐NOy amounts derived from observations of the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding by means of a tracer correlation method have been used. Southern hemispheric (SH) seasonal maximum EPP‐NOy amounts transported below the 0.02 hPa level range from 0.5GM to 2.5GM in the 2009 and 2003 winters, respectively. Northern hemispheric (NH) amounts were typically 2–5 times smaller, with the exception of the 2003/2004 winter. This interhemispheric asymmetry is primarily caused by a reduction of the mesospheric descent rates in NH midwinter, as opposed to the SH. Hemispherically integrated NOy fluxes through given pressure levels reach up to 0.07GM/day at 0.1 hPa. A multilinear regression of the EPP‐NOy evolution to the Ap index of the preceding months indicates that a large fraction of the SH interannual variability of EPP‐NOy (excluding direct contributions by solar protons) can be linked to geomagnetic activity variations. This relationship holds throughout the winter and at all vertical levels where EPP‐NOy is present. In the NH, a similar correlation is found until midwinter, however, breaking down afterward above 2 hPa in years with elevated stratopause occurrence. As an exception, EPP‐NOy amounts in the Arctic winter 2004/2005 were much higher than in other NH winters with similar geomagnetic activity. We attribute this behavior to the unusually stable polar vortex in that winter, otherwise typical for the SH.

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EOS MLS observations of ozone loss in the 2004–2005 Arctic winter

Cited by 107 publications

References 9 publications

Estimation of Arctic ozone loss in winter 2004/05 based on assimilation of EOS MLS and SBUV/2 observations

Estimation of Arctic ozone loss in winter 2004/05 based on assimilation of EOS MLS and SBUV/2 observations

Nitrate deposition to surface snow at Summit, Greenland, following the 9 November 2000 solar proton event

Hemispheric distributions and interannual variability of NO_y produced by energetic particle precipitation in 2002–2012

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EOS MLS observations of ozone loss in the 2004–2005 Arctic winter

Cited by 107 publications

References 9 publications

Estimation of Arctic ozone loss in winter 2004/05 based on assimilation of EOS MLS and SBUV/2 observations

Estimation of Arctic ozone loss in winter 2004/05 based on assimilation of EOS MLS and SBUV/2 observations

Nitrate deposition to surface snow at Summit, Greenland, following the 9 November 2000 solar proton event

Hemispheric distributions and interannual variability of NOy produced by energetic particle precipitation in 2002–2012

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Hemispheric distributions and interannual variability of NO_y produced by energetic particle precipitation in 2002–2012