Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP): molecular and biological properties and the use of ECP as a marker of eosinophil activation in disease

Venge, Per; Byström, Jonas; Carlson, Marie; Håkansson, Lena; Karawacjzyk, M; Peterson, Christer; Sevéus, Lahja; Trulson, Agneta

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2222.1999.00542.x

Cited by 265 publications

(250 citation statements)

References 127 publications

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“…Both cell types are key effector cells in host defence against infections and they contain and can, upon activation, secrete a large and varied armoury of cytotoxic and degenerative enzymes [1,2]. Eosinophils are most commonly involved in parasitic infections and allergic inflammation, where eosinophilia is a prevalent indication of late-phase allergic inflammation causing tissue damage and asthma severity [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caspase activation in the absence of mitochondrial changes in granulocyte apoptosis

Nopp¹,

Lundahl²,

Stridh

2002

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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SUMMARY Eosinophils and neutrophils are two different types of granulocytes evolved from a common haematopoetic precursor in the bone marrow. Eosinophils are mainly involved in parasitic infection and allergic inflammation while neutrophils mainly participate in the defence against bacterial infections. Prolongation of granulocyte life span by inhibition of apoptosis may lead to tissue load of cells, and this has been detected in different inflammatory reactions. The molecular mechanisms and the potential role of the mitochondria in granulocyte apoptosis are poorly understood. In the present study we have characterized further the role of the mitochondria in granulocyte-apoptosis by studying the sequence of mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) induction, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) and release of cytochrome c. This was made possible by applying tributyltin (TBT), a well-characterized apoptotic stimulus and MPT-inducer. We also studied potential differences in apoptosis-susceptibility between eosinophils and neutrophils. Ten minutes of TBT-exposure resulted in a substantial caspase-3 activity in both eosinophils and neutrophils, followed by phosphatidylserine (PS)-exposure after 30–120 min. Interestingly, caspase-3 activity was not preceded by MPT-induction, loss of Δψm or by cytochrome c-release in either eosinophils or neutrophils. In conclusion, we have demonstrated an extremely rapid induction of caspase-3 activity and apoptosis in human blood granulocytes without prior mitochondrial changes, including loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and release of cytochrome c. Our results open the possibility for a mitochondrial-independent activation of caspase 3 and subsequent apoptosis in granulocytes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caspase activation in the absence of mitochondrial changes in granulocyte apoptosis

Nopp¹,

Lundahl²,

Stridh

2002

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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“…19 Interestingly, eosinophil activation can be monitored by using serum biomarkers, among which ECP, a zinc-containing, highly cationic protein that is stored in peroxidasepositive and negative eosinophil granules, stands out. 23 Of note, ECP was found to upregulate inter-cellular adhesion molecule-1 expression on endothelial cells, 24 allowing monocyte adhesion to the endothelium.…”

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confidence: 99%

Eosinophils: a new player in coronary atherosclerotic disease

Niccoli

Cosentino

2012

Hypertens Res

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“…Eosinophil cationic protein may be measured in both serum and plasma (5,33). If plasma is chosen the blood should be anticoagulated with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) or citrate in order to prevent spontaneous extracellular release of ECP and interaction with heparin (33,77).…”

Section: Ecp In Serum/plasmamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The higher this propensity the more damage is inflicted on the patient. Almost thousand papers have been published dealing with the relation between ECP levels and allergic or other inflammatory diseases (5). The majority of these publications have shown that ECP provides novel information about the process and that the information may be used in the monitoring and treatment of disease, as the ECP levels are closely related to exacerbation propensity and Monitoring the allergic inflammation severity in diseases such as asthma, atopic dermatitis.…”

Section: Ecp In Serum/plasmamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The major consequences of the activation of mast cells are the release of histamine and other mediators responsible for the acute allergic reaction. Activation of eosinophils gives rise to the extracellular release of a number of potent cytotoxic proteins such as eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) (5), which are believed to play a role in the development of subacute and chronic symptoms of allergy. Other cells that may play major roles are neutrophil granulocytes, macrophages, epithelial cells and endothelial cells.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Monitoring the allergic inflammation

Venge

2003

Allergy

128

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Individual symptoms of allergy such as asthma, dermatitis, rhinitis have many different underlying mechanisms. The detailed characterization of the inflammatory mechanisms underlying symptom development in the individual patient is important in order to optimally control treatment. Measurement of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) in sputum or blood and eosinophil protein X/eosinophil derived neurotoxin (EPX/EDN) in urine may be used to read the involvement of the eosinophil granulocyte in the process. An important information as eosinophil dominated processes seem to be particularly sensitive to corticosteroid treatment. The possibilities to measure the involvement of other inflammatory cells exist today, but are only used to a small extent. The dream would be that every patient with an inflammatory disease is characterized with respect to the profile of involving cells and mediators. Such information would provide us with a unique understanding of the underlying mechanisms of the development of disease symptoms and the possibilities of treating these.

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Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP): molecular and biological properties and the use of ECP as a marker of eosinophil activation in disease

Cited by 265 publications

References 127 publications

Caspase activation in the absence of mitochondrial changes in granulocyte apoptosis

Caspase activation in the absence of mitochondrial changes in granulocyte apoptosis

Eosinophils: a new player in coronary atherosclerotic disease

Monitoring the allergic inflammation

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