Eosinophil Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes in TB: What We Know so Far

Babu, Senbagavalli Prakash; Narasimhan, Prakash Babu; Babu, Subash

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.02639

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The normal range of eosinophils in blood is between 0.0 and 6.0%, and between 30 and 350 is the typical range for the AEC. AEC between 0.5 and 1.0 × 109/L (SI units) or 0.5 and 1.0 × 103 cells/microliter (conventional units) is considered to be mild blood eosinophilia, whereas AEC greater than or equal to 1.5 × 109/L is considered to be hyper‐eosinophilia 13 . Our patient presented with an AEC of 70%, accounting for 25,920 cells, and a TLC of 36,000.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Tuberculosis manifesting with significant peripheral eosinophilia: A case report and review of literature

Damera,

Gupta,

Farooqi

et al. 2023

Clinical Case Reports

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Key Clinical MessagePeripheral eosinophilia is a rare but potential sign of TB infection. Physicians should assess patients for TB, especially if they display related symptoms or risk factors, and consider TB as a differential diagnosis, especially in idiopathic cases.AbstractMillions of new tuberculosis (TB) cases are reported annually. Peripheral eosinophilia is rare in tuberculosis. We describe a rare case of tuberculosis with a high peripheral eosinophil count. A 9‐year‐old male presented with fever, cough, and respiratory discomfort for a month. The patient's cough did not respond to treatment, along with weight loss and a loss of appetite. A physical examination revealed cervical lymphadenopathy and bilateral lung crepitations. A hematological investigation showed a high eosinophil count of 25,920 cells per cubic millimeter and medical imaging abnormalities consistent with TB. Some malignancies, allergies, and parasitic infections produce peripheral eosinophilia. However, medical literature rarely discusses TB‐induced eosinophilia. Several studies attribute it to mycobacterium antigen hyperreactivity. Eosinophilic release of cytotoxic chemicals may cause tissue damage, and TB patients' eosinophil levels may fluctuate. This case report emphasizes the need to investigate TB in peripheral eosinophilia patients after ruling out other explanations. Our patient benefited from early detection and anti‐TB medication. More studies are required to investigate the causes of TB eosinophilia and its consequences. A detailed medical history and physical examination are essential to diagnose and treat atypical presentations of TB.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Tuberculosis manifesting with significant peripheral eosinophilia: A case report and review of literature

Damera,

Gupta,

Farooqi

et al. 2023

Clinical Case Reports

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“…The latter may be a surrogate reflecting the balance between two facets of the defensive reaction: acute and chronic inflammation (Song et al, 2021) coexisting at the same time. Another feature of the inflammatory response during TB was the increased percentage of eosinophils, at T0 and during the specific treatment, which may be related to the recruitment of these cells to exert a protective role against infection (Prakash Babu et al, 2019;Bohrer et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on the contribution of PPAR Gamma to tuberculosis physiopathology

Díaz

D’Attilio

Penas

et al. 2023

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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IntroductionTuberculosis (TB) is a major health problem characterized by an immuno-endocrine imbalance: elevated plasma levels of cortisol and pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators, as well as reduced levels of dehydroepiandrosterone. The etiological agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is captured by pulmonary macrophages (Mf), whose activation is necessary to cope with the control of Mtb, however, excessive activation of the inflammatory response also leads to tissue damage. Glucocorticoids (GC) are critical elements to counteract the immunoinflammatory reaction, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are also involved in this regard. The primary forms of these receptors are PPARϒ, PPARα, and PPARβ/δ, the former being the most involved in anti-inflammatory responses. In this work, we seek to gain some insight into the contribution of PPARϒ in immuno-endocrine-metabolic interactions by focusing on clinical studies in pulmonary TB patients and in vitro experiments on a Mf cell line.Methods and resultsWe found that TB patients, at the time of diagnosis, showed increased expression of the PPARϒ transcript in their peripheral blood mononuclear cells, positively associated with circulating cortisol and related to disease severity. Given this background, we investigated the expression of PPARϒ (RT-qPCR) in radiation-killed Mtb-stimulated human Mf. The Mtb stimulation of Mf derived from the human line THP1 significantly increased the expression of PPARϒ, while the activation of this receptor by a specific agonist decreased the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-10). As expected, the addition of GC to stimulated cultures reduced IL-1β production, while cortisol treatment together with the PPARϒ agonist lowered the levels of this proinflammatory cytokine in stimulated cultures. The addition of RU486, a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, only reversed the inhibition produced by the addition of GC.ConclusionThe current results provide a stimulating background for further analysis of the interconnection between PPARs and steroid hormones in the context of Mtb infection.

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“…It is important to elucidate if LAM and HDL must act together to induce alterations in the immune response, or if alterations are also induced when they act separately. Although the contribution of eosinophils to the control of TB infection has been revised, the eosinophil-Mtb interaction remains poorly understood (Garg et al, 2017;Prakash Babu et al, 2019). Results observed by Driss et al (2012), suggest that LAM has an eosinophil anti-inflammatory effect, as LAM down-regulate the release of peroxidase and TNF through the CD11b/CD18-LAM interaction, which limits the TLR-mediated activation (Figure 3C).…”

Section: Modulation Of the Innate Immunity By Lammentioning

confidence: 97%

Lipoarabinomannan as a Point-of-Care Assay for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis: How Far Are We to Use It?

2021

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Tuberculosis (TB) is still a severe public health problem; the current diagnostic tests have limitations that delay treatment onset. Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) is a glycolipid that is a component of the cell wall of the bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiologic agent of TB. This glycolipid is excreted as a soluble form in urine. The World Health Organization has established that the design of new TB diagnostic methods is one of the priorities within the EndTB Strategy. LAM has been suggested as a biomarker to develop diagnostic tests based on its identification in urine, and it is one of the most prominent candidates to develop point-of-care diagnostic test because urine samples can be easily collected. Moreover, LAM can regulate the immune response in the host and can be found in the serum of TB patients, where it probably affects a wide variety of host cell populations, consequently influencing the quality of both innate and adaptive immune responses during TB infection. Here, we revised the evidence that supports that LAM could be used as a tool for the development of new point-of-care tests for TB diagnosis, and we discussed the mechanisms that could contribute to the low sensitivity of diagnostic testing.

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Eosinophil Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes in TB: What We Know so Far

Cited by 9 publications

References 48 publications

Tuberculosis manifesting with significant peripheral eosinophilia: A case report and review of literature

Tuberculosis manifesting with significant peripheral eosinophilia: A case report and review of literature

Studies on the contribution of PPAR Gamma to tuberculosis physiopathology

Lipoarabinomannan as a Point-of-Care Assay for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis: How Far Are We to Use It?

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