Eosinophilia in Infectious Diseases

O’Connell, Elise M.; Nutman, Thomas B.

doi:10.1016/j.iac.2015.05.003

Cited by 107 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 220 publications

(201 reference statements)

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“…Although there is a strong association between eosinophil counts and chronic intestinal parasite load (42, 43), viral infections can also result in elevated eosinophil counts. That said, there was no interaction between E4 and other leukocyte subtypes (all P > 0.17; Supplemental Table S5), or ESR ( P > 0.2), suggesting that current and past history of macroparasites drives this effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Predicted z scores for composite fluid cognitive performance (n = 242 adults aged 30+ yr), E4 status, and 4 levels of eosinophil count, controlling for age, sex, education, and Spanish-speaking ability, with community ID as a random effect. Categories were no eosinophilia, ,500 eosinophils/ml; mild eosinophilia, ,1500/ml; marked eosinophilia ,2500/ml; and very marked eosinophilia $2500/ml (42). some life stages (24,37) that are a trade-off against deleterious consequences (5,9,50).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A manual leukocyte count and 5‐part differential were collected immediately after a blood‐collection, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was assessed by using the Westergren method (39). Eosinophil counts measured via manual 5‐part differential were used as an index of parasitic infections, as they relate to both current and past history of multiple types of parasitic infections (42, 43). Although hookworm, which induces T‐helper 2 response characterized by eosinophilia (43), is the most common helminth seen in 56% of Tsimane (39, 40), eosinophilia is provoked by parasitic infections of many different types.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Apolipoprotein E4 is associated with improved cognitive function in Amazonian forager‐horticulturalists with a high parasite burden

et al. 2016

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The apolipoprotein E4 (E4) allele is present worldwide, despite its associations with higher risk of cardiovascular morbidity, accelerated cognitive decline during aging, and Alzheimer disease (AD). The E4 allele is especially prevalent in some tropical regions with a high parasite burden. Equatorial populations also face a potential dual burden of high E4 prevalence combined with parasitic infections that can also reduce cognitive performance. We examined the interactions of E4, parasite burden, and cognitive performance in a traditional, nonindustrialized population of Amazonian forager-horticulturalists ( 372) to test whether E4 protects against cognitive decline in environments with a heavy pathogen burden. Contrary to observations in industrial populations, older adult E4 carriers with high parasite burdens either maintained or showed slight improvements in cognitive performance, whereas non-E4 carriers with a high parasite burden showed reduced cognitive performance. Being an E4 carrier is the strongest risk factor to date of AD and cognitive decline in industrial populations; it is associated with greater cognitive performance in individuals facing a high parasite and pathogen load, suggesting advantages to the E4 allele under certain environmental conditions. The current mismatch between postindustrial hygienic lifestyles and active parasite-rich environs may be critical for understanding genetic risk for cognitive aging.-Trumble, B. C., Stieglitz, J., Blackwell, A. D., Allayee, H., Beheim, B., Finch, C. E., Gurven, M., Kaplan, H. Apolipoprotein E4 is associated with improved cognitive function in Amazonian forager-horticulturalists with a high parasite burden.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Apolipoprotein E4 is associated with improved cognitive function in Amazonian forager‐horticulturalists with a high parasite burden

et al. 2016

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“…A detailed review of infectious causes of eosinophilia has recently been published (O'Connell & Nutman, 2015). Important infective agents and their diagnostic tests are outlined in Table III.…”

Section: Infectious Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guideline for the investigation and management of eosinophilia

et al. 2017

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The guideline group was selected to be representative of UKbased medical experts with an interest in myeloproliferative neoplasms and eosinophilia. PubMed and EMBASE were searched systematically for publications in English until August 2015 using the key words eosinophilia, hypereosinophilia, eosinophilic leukaemia and HES. The writing group produced the draft guideline, which was subsequently revised by consensus by members of the General Haematology and Haematooncology Task Forces of the British Committee for Standards in Haematology (BCSH). The guideline was then reviewed by a sounding board of UK haematologists and representatives from the Nordic MPN Study Group, the BCSH and the British Society for Haematology (BSH) Committee, and comments were incorporated where appropriate. The 'GRADE' system was used to quote levels and grades of evidence, details of which can be found in Table I. The objective of this guideline is to provide healthcare professionals with clear guidance on the investigation and management of eosinophilia. Guideline updateThere is no previous BCSH guideline for this topic. AimThe purpose of this guideline is to provide a practical approach to the investigation and management of eosinophilia. Key recommendations• The underlying cause of eosinophilia should be sought and possible eosinophil-associated end-organ damage should be evaluated (Grade 1B). Assessment of underlying cause• A detailed medical history should be taken and a thorough physical examination should be performed (Grade 1C). The history should include:o assessment for allergic disorders, skin rashes and cardiorespiratory, gastrointestinal and constitutional symptoms.o a detailed travel history, particularly for tropical travel; travel even in the remote past may be relevant.o a detailed drug history.• All patients should have a full blood count, blood film examination and routine tests of renal and liver function, a bone profile, lactate dehydrogenase, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and/or C-reactive protein and vitamin B12 assay (Grade 1C) • Patients who are otherwise well with mild to moderate eosinophilia between 0Á5 and 1Á5 3 10 9

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“…However, neither test had an adequate sensitivity to merit recommending its use for routine screening purposes. For some parasitic infections, eosinophilia has been shown to be absent or mild with longstanding infection,[73, 74] and therefore the poor sensitivity of AEC for parasitic infections in our sample could reflect a lack of acute parasitic infections among these subjects. Although eosinophilia has long been thought of as a hallmark of helminth infection, several previous studies have also failed to show any correlation between the two.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Prevalence of parasitic infections among recent immigrants to Chicago

Herrick

Nordstrom

Maloney

et al. 2019

Preprint

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23 24 Author contributions: Jesica A. Herrick was responsible for the funding acquisition, 25 conceptualization of the study, study design and methodology, oversight of subject 26 enrollment and regulatory aspects of the study, data curation and formal analysis, and 27 writing of the manuscript. Monica Nordstrom, Patrick Maloney, and Miguel Rodriguez 28 were involved in the investigation and recruited and enrolled subjects in the study and 29 provided a critical review of the manuscript. Patrick Maloney was also responsible for 30 the formal statistical analyses. Kevin Naceanceno and Gloria Gallo Enamorado 31 performed the Multi-parallel real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) conducted on patient 32 stool samples as part of the investigation. Rojelio Mejia oversaw the qPCR conducted 33 on patient stool samples (supervisory role) and provided a critical review of the 34 manuscript. Ron Hershow was involved in a supervisory capacity in the study concept 35 and design, analysis and interpretation of data, and writing of the manuscript.36 37 Related manuscripts: All authors certify that there is no related or duplicate manuscript 38 under consideration for this work. 39 40 Attachments: STROBE statement 3 41 ABSTRACT 42 Background. Parasitic infections are likely under-recognized among immigrant 43 populations in the United States (US). We conducted a cross-sectional study to 44 evaluate the frequency of such infections among recent immigrants in Chicago and to 45 identify predictive factors for parasitic infections. 46 Methodology and principal findings. 133 recent immigrants were enrolled, filling out a 47 standardized questionnaire regarding medical history and exposures and providing 48 blood and stool samples for evaluation. Fifteen of 125 subjects (12%) who provided a 49 blood or stool sample for testing were found to have evidence of current or prior 50 infection with a pathogenic parasite, of which Toxocara spp. (8 subjects, 6.4%) and 51 Strongyloides stercoralis (5 subjects, 4%) were most commonly identified. Parasitic 52 infection was more likely among subjects who had immigrated within the previous 2 53 years and those with a self-reported history of ever having seen worms in the stool. 54 Infected individuals were likely to have multiple nonspecific physical complaints; 55 however, classic symptoms of parasitic infections (skin rashes, diarrhea, etc.) were not 56 increased among infected individuals. The most useful surrogate markers identified for 57 parasitic infections were an elevated Immunoglobulin E level (seen in 7/15 subjects with 58 parasitic infections, 46.7% and 22/110 uninfected individuals, 20%, p=0.04) and the 59 presence of Blastocystis hominis cysts on Ova & Parasite exam (detected in 5/13 60 subjects with parasitic infections who provided a stool sample, 38.5% and 5/98 61 uninfected subjects, 5.1%, p=0.002). In contrast, the Absolute Eosinophil Count 62 (typically thought of as an indicator of parasites) was not found to be a good screening 63 test for parasitic infections in this study. 4 64 C...

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Eosinophilia in Infectious Diseases

Cited by 107 publications

References 220 publications

Apolipoprotein E4 is associated with improved cognitive function in Amazonian forager‐horticulturalists with a high parasite burden

Apolipoprotein E4 is associated with improved cognitive function in Amazonian forager‐horticulturalists with a high parasite burden

Guideline for the investigation and management of eosinophilia

Prevalence of parasitic infections among recent immigrants to Chicago

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