Eosinophilia in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus

Tietz, Andreas; Sponagel, L; Erb, Peter C.; Bucher, Heiner C.; Battegay, Manuel; Zimmerli, Werner

doi:10.1007/bf01708558

Cited by 32 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Defense against many of these parasitic infections is mediated by the activation of Th2 cells, which results in IgE antibody production and eosinophil activation. Although less frequent, HIV infection may be accompanied by moderate eosinophilia (56)(57)(58)(59). Cytokines produced by Th2 cells promote eosinophil activation and recruitment to sites of helminth infection, where they release toxic granular proteins which destroy the parasites (60).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal parasitic infections in HIV/AIDS patients: epidemiological, nutritional and immunological aspects

Amâncio¹,

Pascotto²,

Souza³

et al. 2012

J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis

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This study applied a socioeconomic questionnaire designed to evaluate the frequency of intestinal parasites and characterize epidemiological, nutritional, and immunological variables in 105 HIV/AIDS patients -with and without parasitic infections, attending the Day Hospital in Botucatu, UNESP, from 2007 to 2008. Body mass index was calculated and the following tests performed: parasitological stool examinations; eosinophil, IgE, CD4 + T and CD8 + T lymphocyte cell counts; albumin test; viral load measure; and TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-5 and IL-10 cytokine levels. Results were positive for parasitic intestinal infections in 12.4% of individuals. Most patients had good socioeconomic conditions with basic sanitation, urban dwellings, treated water supply and sewage, good nutritional and immunological status and were undergoing HAART. Parasites were found at the following frequencies: Entamoeba -five patients (38.5%), Giardia lamblia -four (30.7%), Blastocystis hominis -three (23.0%), Endolimax nana -two (15.4%), and Ascaris lumbricoides -one (7.7%). There were no significant differences between the two groups for eosinophils, albumin, IgE, CD4 + T and CD8 + T lymphocytes, INF-γ, IL-2, or IL-10. Most patients also showed undetectable viral load levels. Significant differences were found for TNF-α and IL-5. These results show the importance of new studies on immunodeficient individuals to increase understanding of such variables.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal parasitic infections in HIV/AIDS patients: epidemiological, nutritional and immunological aspects

Amâncio¹,

Pascotto²,

Souza³

et al. 2012

J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis

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“…While eosinophilia can be associated with myiasis, this association occurs rarely 113. Although uncommon in HIV infection, modest eosinophilia can be seen 40,111,112,118. Marked hypereosinophilia has developed in some HIV-infected patients particularly in those with a pustular, exfoliative dermatitis 40,62,82,118.…”

Section: A Infectious Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis of Marked, Persistent Eosinophilia

Nutman

2007

Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America

115

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Synopsis:Hyperosinophilic syndromes (HES) are a group of heterogeneous disorders many of which remain ill-defined. By definition, the HES must be distinguished from other disorders with persistently elevated eosinophilia with a defined cause. Although marked eosinophilia worldwide is most commonly caused by helminth (worm) infections, the diagnostic approach must include noninfectious (non-parasitic) causes of marked eosinophilia as well.

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“…ϩ -T-cell counts develop an allergic phenotype characterized by an elevated serum level of IgE and eosinophilia (8,30,38,44,48). The etiology of the allergic response is unknown (7,15), but recent evidence implicates HIV-1 gp120 in inducing IL-4 and IL-13 release from Fc⑀RI ϩ cells, such as basophils, by binding to the VH3 region of bound IgE (31,37).…”

Section: Vol 74 2006 Eosinophils In Human Schistosome Infections 2173mentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between Eosinophils and Protection against Reinfection withSchistosoma mansoniand the Effect of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Coinfection in Humans

et al. 2006

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Longitudinal investigations of an adult male population of Kenyan car washers who have heavy and quantifiable occupational exposure to Schistosoma mansoni cercariae revealed that some individuals develop resistance to reinfection while others remain highly susceptible. We sought to characterize immune correlates associated with host protection in this population. Previous studies have demonstrated an association of peripheral eosinophilia with resistance to reinfection with schistosomes. Thus, we investigated the relationship between the percentage of circulating eosinophils and the effect of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) coinfection on the susceptibility of the car washers to reinfection with schistosomes. Elevated percentages of circulating eosinophils were associated with resistance to reinfection by S. mansoni in HIV-1-seronegative persons. In the HIV-1-seropositive cohort, low CD4؉ -T-cell counts were associated with a less intense eosinophilia. Moreover, eosinophils from the car washers expressed high levels of Fc⑀RI ␤ chain, a molecule important in immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated immunity. Levels of Fc⑀RI ␤ chain expression correlated with serum levels of total and antigen-specific IgE for HIV-1-negative car washers, but this was not the case for individuals coinfected with HIV-1. Overall, these data further implicate eosinophils as having a potential role in development of protective immunity against schistosomes and suggest that changes associated with HIV-1 coinfection increase susceptibility to reinfection.Schistosomes are parasitic trematodes responsible for causing disease in over 200 million people worldwide (14). A better understanding of the immunologic components involved in the development of protection against infection is needed to lay the foundation for the advancement of efficacious vaccines (49). A common finding in many studies is that a high concentration of serum parasite-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) is related to resistance against schistosomes (6,12,13,27,39). However, whether IgE is directly involved in protective mechanisms in vivo has not been elucidated, as IgE exerts its effector function through Fc⑀RI-expressing cells. Several studies have demonstrated an association between eosinophilia and host protection against schistosomes (2, 18, 45), although whether eosinophils express the high-affinity IgE receptor remains under debate (1,3,4,17,21,23,26,40,42,43). Purified human eosinophils are cytotoxic to schistosomula in vitro in the presence of parasite-specific IgE, with eosinophils from helminthinfected individuals having greater potency (11,16,23,50). These observations suggest that IgE and eosinophils are likely to have an important role in host protection against schistosomes.Our laboratory is conducting a longitudinal study on Schistosoma mansoni infections in a cohort of adult male Kenyan car washers who are occupationally exposed to infective cercariae in the waters along the shores of Lake Victoria (22). Over 200 men in this group have been actively monito...

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Eosinophilia in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus

Cited by 32 publications

References 15 publications

Intestinal parasitic infections in HIV/AIDS patients: epidemiological, nutritional and immunological aspects

Intestinal parasitic infections in HIV/AIDS patients: epidemiological, nutritional and immunological aspects

Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis of Marked, Persistent Eosinophilia

Correlation between Eosinophils and Protection against Reinfection withSchistosoma mansoniand the Effect of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Coinfection in Humans

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