Eosinophilic airway inflammation in asthmatic patients is associated with an altered airway microbiome

Abstract

The level of eosinophilic airway inflammation correlates with variations in the microbiome across asthmatic patients, whereas neutrophilic airway inflammation does not. This warrants further investigation on molecular pathways involved in both patients with eosinophilic and those with noneosinophilic asthma.

The Gut-Lung Axis in Health and Respiratory Diseases: A Place for Inter-Organ and Inter-Kingdom Crosstalks

“…The prostaglandin E2 produced in the gut by Candida can reach the lungs and promotes lung M2 macrophage polarization and allergic airway inflammation (Kim et al, 2014). In mice, a gut overrepresentation of W. mellicola associated Overrepresented in asthmatic patients and/or associated with an uncontrolled asthma Hilty et al, 2010;Marri et al, 2013;Huang et al, 2015;Denner et al, 2016;Zhang et al, 2016;Durack et al, 2017;Sverrild et al, 2017 Bacteroidetes Increased risk of childhood asthma development Björkstén et al, 2001;Penders et al, 2007;Vael et al, 2008;van Nimwegen et al, 2011;Abrahamsson et al, 2012;Arrieta et al, 2015Arrieta et al, , 2018Stiemsma et al, 2016 Cystic fibrosis (CF) Decreased lung microbiota diversity Correlated with the disease evolution and associated with exacerbation Zhao et al, 2012;Stokell et al, 2015;Frayman et al, 2017 Streptococcus, Prevotella, Rothia, Veillonella, Acintomyces, Neisseria, Haemophilus, Gemella…”

The Biology of Eosinophils and Their Role in Asthma

“…Data have recently been published suggesting a possible link between the level of eosinophilia and microbiome community structure in asthma (163). Further dedicated studies, examining subject groups matched for baseline characteristics, are required.…”

Sputum cytology during late‐phase responses to inhalation challenge with different allergens

“…On the other hand, environmental factors might also contribute to variation in sputum subtype after acute allergen challenge in humans but not (or less so) in mouse studies. For example, recent studies have shown that depending on the microbiota composition of the lungs, the airway inflammatory phenotype may adopt a neutrophilic‐ or eosinophilic‐like profile . The intestinal microbiome can also modulate the allergic responses in the airways through the production of by‐products that regulate cell function and differentiation .…”