Eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis in East Asians

Wang, Entong; Zheng, Yuejie; Liu, Peng Fei; Guo, Lijuan

doi:10.12998/wjcc.v2.i12.873

Cited by 57 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…1a). When the levels of IFN-γ were compared between patients with NE-NP and E-NP, as reported previously, 23 the NE-NP patients showed higher levels of IFN-γ ( Fig. 1a).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

The IFN-γ–p38, ERK kinase axis exacerbates neutrophilic chronic rhinosinusitis by inducing the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition

et al. 2019

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Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous and multifactorial inflammatory disease characterized by involvement of diverse types of inflammatory cells. Asian CRS patients frequently show infiltration of neutrophils and an elevated level of interferon (IFN)-γ; by contrast, western patients exhibit eosinophil infiltration and enhanced levels of Th2-related cytokines. Neutrophilia in tissues decreases sensitivity to corticosteroids, but the mechanisms underlying the progression of neutrophilic CRS are unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of IFN-γ in CRS patients with marked neutrophil infiltration. We report that the IFN-γ level is upregulated in the tissues of these patients, particularly those with non-eosinophilic nasal polyps. The level of IFN-γ was significantly correlated with markers of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We further demonstrated that IFN-γ induced the EMT via the p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways in a manner distinct from the hypoxiainducible factor (HIF)-1α, SMAD, and NF-κB signaling pathways. In a murine nasal polyp (NP) model, blocking the p38 and ERK signaling pathways prevented NP formation and chemotactic cytokine secretion by neutrophils but not eosinophils. Taken together, our results suggest that IFN-γ can induce the EMT in nasal epithelial cells, and thus blocking the p38 and ERK pathways could be an effective therapeutic strategy against neutrophil-dominant CRS.Mucosal Immunology (2019) 12:601-611; https://doi.

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“…1a). When the levels of IFN-γ were compared between patients with NE-NP and E-NP, as reported previously, 23 the NE-NP patients showed higher levels of IFN-γ ( Fig. 1a).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

The IFN-γ–p38, ERK kinase axis exacerbates neutrophilic chronic rhinosinusitis by inducing the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition

et al. 2019

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“…Nasal polyp tissues removed from CRS patients during surgery in Asian countries, including China, Korea, and Japan, have fewer eosinophils than tissues from CRS patients collected in Europe and the United States (reviewed in 156). However, Kim et al (157) studied two similar groups of 230 patients in Korea, one in 1993–1994 and another in 2010–2011, and found that the eosinophil counts rose from 6.8 per high-powered field to 19.3 during this time.…”

Section: Race Eosinophilia and Crs: What Are The Roles Of Genes Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, Kim et al (157) studied two similar groups of 230 patients in Korea, one in 1993–1994 and another in 2010–2011, and found that the eosinophil counts rose from 6.8 per high-powered field to 19.3 during this time. In general, less than 50% of polyps in Asian countries are eosinophilic, whereas approximately 75% of polyps in Europe and the United States are eosinophilic (149, 156, 158, 159). In Japan, the JESREC study found a prevalence of eosinophilic polyps similar to that in Western countries, and several other studies suggest that the degree of eosinophilia in polyps in Japan, China, Malaysia, Korea, etc.…”

Section: Race Eosinophilia and Crs: What Are The Roles Of Genes Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eosinophilia correlates strongly with type 2 immune and inflammatory responses, and patients with eosinophilic polyp disease, whether in the East or the West, generally have higher levels of IgE, higher prevalence of atopy, and greater prevalence and severity of asthma (156). Periostin is a provisional matrix protein produced during EMT (see above) that is highly induced by IL-4 and IL-13 and therefore has been used increasingly as a marker of Th2 inflammation.…”

Section: Race Eosinophilia and Crs: What Are The Roles Of Genes Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Immunopathogenesis of Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyposis

Schleimer

2017

Annu. Rev. Pathol. Mech. Dis.

409

419

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Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a troublesome, chronic inflammatory disease that affects over 10% of the adult population, causing decreased quality of life, lost productivity, and lost time at work and leading to more than a million surgical interventions annually worldwide. The nose, paranasal sinuses, and associated lymphoid tissues play important roles in homeostasis and immunity, and CRS significantly impairs these normal functions. Pathogenic mechanisms of CRS have recently become the focus of intense investigations worldwide, and significant progress has been made. The two main forms of CRS that have been long recognized, with and without nasal polyps, are each now known to be heterogeneous, based on underlying mechanism, geographical location, and race. Loss of the immune barrier, including increased permeability of mucosal epithelium and reduced production of important antimicrobial substances and responses, is a common feature of many forms of CRS. One form of CRS with polyps found worldwide is driven by the cytokines IL-5 and IL-13 coming from Th2 cells, type 2 innate lymphoid cells, and probably mast cells. Type 2 cytokines activate inflammatory cells that are implicated in the pathogenic mechanism, including mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils. New classes of biological drugs that block the production or action of these cytokines are making important inroads toward new treatment paradigms in polypoid CRS.

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“…In Asian countries, NP tissues from patients with CRS have fewer eosinophils than do those from patients with CRS in Europe and the United States. 5,6 However, the degree of eosinophilia in NPs has increased in Asia in the past 2 decades. [7][8][9] The geographical differences and changes in histological characteristics of Asian NPs may be related to genetic, nutritional, or environmental factors.…”

Section: Uncinate Processmentioning

confidence: 99%