2022
DOI: 10.1111/cea.14196
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Eosinophilic esophagitis: Immune mechanisms and therapeutic targets

Abstract: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an emerging chronic inflammatory disease of the oesophagus characterized by upper gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms including dysphagia and esophageal food impaction. 1,2 The histopathological manifestations involve intraepithelial infiltration of eosinophils (≥15 Eos/HPF) and remodelling of the esophageal epithelium including basal zone hyperplasia (BZH) and dilated intercellular spaces (DIS), which can lead to strictures and narrow-caliber oesophagus. 3,4

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Cited by 27 publications
(23 citation statements)
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“…Under the influence of stimulating factors (still not fully known; the most often-studied factors are food allergens), epithelial and dendritic cells release epithelial cytokines (IL-25, IL-33, TSLP), leading to the activation of immune cells such as invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, adaptive CD4 + effector memory T-helper 2 (Th-2) cells, and innate lymphoid type 2 cells (ILC2) [ 4 , 5 ]. The main is response is the T helper 2 (Th-2) immune response, during which there is a secretion of Th-2 type cytokines, such as IL-4 IL-5, IL-13, eotaxin-3, and periostin [ 5 , 8 ]. The increased frequency of CD4 + Th-2 cells was found in patients with EoE in peripheral blood and esophageal biopsy specimens [ 5 ].…”
Section: Etiologymentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Under the influence of stimulating factors (still not fully known; the most often-studied factors are food allergens), epithelial and dendritic cells release epithelial cytokines (IL-25, IL-33, TSLP), leading to the activation of immune cells such as invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, adaptive CD4 + effector memory T-helper 2 (Th-2) cells, and innate lymphoid type 2 cells (ILC2) [ 4 , 5 ]. The main is response is the T helper 2 (Th-2) immune response, during which there is a secretion of Th-2 type cytokines, such as IL-4 IL-5, IL-13, eotaxin-3, and periostin [ 5 , 8 ]. The increased frequency of CD4 + Th-2 cells was found in patients with EoE in peripheral blood and esophageal biopsy specimens [ 5 ].…”
Section: Etiologymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The main is response is the T helper 2 (Th-2) immune response, during which there is a secretion of Th-2 type cytokines, such as IL-4 IL-5, IL-13, eotaxin-3, and periostin [ 5 , 8 ]. The increased frequency of CD4 + Th-2 cells was found in patients with EoE in peripheral blood and esophageal biopsy specimens [ 5 ]. IL-5 stimulates eosinophils to proliferate and expand from the bone marrow into the circulating blood and then to all layers of the esophagus [ 6 ].…”
Section: Etiologymentioning
confidence: 99%
See 2 more Smart Citations
“…Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a rare immunological condition driven by a type 2 cascade and characterized by chronic tissue eosinophil-predominant inflammation [50,51].…”
Section: Eosinophilic Esophagitismentioning
confidence: 99%